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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The face and its related tissues begin to form during the _______ week of prenatal development, within the embryonic period.
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Fourth
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All three embryonic layers are involved in facial development. This development includes
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the formation of the primitive mouth, the mandibular arch, maxillary process, frontonasal process, and the nose.
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Facial development depends on what five facials processes/prominences(that form during the fourth month)?
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The frontonasal process,
the paired mandibular processes, and the maxillary processes, |
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Facial development is completed in the ________ week.
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Twelfth
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Most of the facial tissues develop by________ of swellings or tissues on the same surface of the embryo.
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Fusion
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The upper face is initially the most ______in growth.
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Rapid
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The forehead ceases to grow significantly after the age of
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12
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The primitive mouth; appears as a shallow depression in the embryotic surface ectoderm at the cephalic end before the fourth wekk
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Stomodeum
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This temporary membrane, consisting of external ectoderm overlying endoderm, was formed during the third week of prenatal development, also seperates the stomodeum from the primitive pharynx
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Oropharyngeal membrane
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The first event in the development of the face during the fourth week of prenatal development is the disintegration of the
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Oropharyngeal membrane
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Will line the oral cavity, derived from ectoderm as a result embryonic folding
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Oral epithelium
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Oral epithelium and associated tissues will give rise to the______________.
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teeth and associated tissues
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These processes consists of a core of mesenchyme formed in part by neural crest cells that migrate to the facial region, covered externally by ectodern and internally by endoderm, these processes fuse to form the mandibular arch
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Mandibular processes
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In the midline on the surface of the bony mandible is a faint ridge, an indication of the __________.
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mandibular symphsis
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Considered the first branchial arch
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Mandibular Arch
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Stomodeum will give rise to the___________.
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oral Cavity
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During the growth of the mandibular arch, cartilage forms within each side of the arch, and each cartilage is known as____________, most of this cartilage dissappears as the bony mandible forms by intramembranous ossification lateral to and in close association with it, yet only some of Meckel's cartilage makes a contribution to it. A portion of the cartilage participates in the formation of the middle ear bones.
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Meckel's Cartilage
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The mandibular arch directly gives rise to the ____________, including the lower lip, the mandibular arch will also give rise to the mandible with its mandibular teeth and associated tissues.
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lower face
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A part of perichondrium surrounding meckel's cartilage becomes ligaments _______________.
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of the jaw and the middle ear.
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Bulge of tissue in the upper facial area, at the most cephalic end of the embryo, and is the cranial boundary of the stomodeum, will give rise to the upper face, which includes the forehead, bridge of the nose, primary palate, nasal septum, and all structures related to the medial nasal processes.
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Frontonasal Process
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On the outer surface of the embryo rounded, specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of developing special sense organs.
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Placodes
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On each side of the frontonasal process, will migrate medially from their lateral positions and form the future eyes and related tissues.
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Lens placodes
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Even more laterally and posteriorly placed and form pits that creat the future internal ear and related tissues as they appear to rise to their mature position as a result of their relative growth; portions of the branchial apparatus of the embryonic neck later form the external and middle ear.
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Otic Placodes
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Form the anterior portion of the frontonasal process. just superior to the stomodeum, during the fouth week, these two buttonlike structures form as bilateral ectodermal thickenings that later develop into olfactory cells for the sensation of smell , located in the mature nose,
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Nasal placodes
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During the fourth week, the nasal placodes become submerged, forming a depression in the center of each placode forming the ________.
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nasal pits or olfactory pits
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Deepening of the nasal pits produces a _______ that grows internally toward the developing brain,
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Nasal sac
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At first the nasal sac are seperated from the stomodeum by the _______, but soon disitegrates bringing the nasal and oral cavities into communication in the area of the primitive choanae.
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Oronasal membrane
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Middle portion of the tissue growing around the nasal placodes appears as two cresent-shaped swellings located between the nasal pits, which are called______, they will fuse togethe externally to form the middle portion of the nose, from the root of the nose to the apex and the center portion of the upper lip and also the philtrum
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Medial nasal processes
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The paired medial nasal processes also fuse internally and grow inferiorly on the inside if the stomodeum to form ______________.
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Intermaxillay segment/Premaxillary segment
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On the outer portions of the nasal pits are two other cresent-shaped swellings, in the future will form the alae, or sides of the nose.
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Lateral nasal processes
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Fusion of the lateral nasal, maxillary, and medial nasal processes forms the_________.
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nares or nostrils
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During the fourth week or prenatal development ,this adjacent swelling forms from increased growth of the mandibular arch, grows superiorly and anteriorly on each side of the stomodeum, also formed from mesenchyme provided by neural crest cells.
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Maxillary process
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The _____is formed when each maxillary process fuses with each medial nasal process as a result of the underlying growth of the mesenchyme. (completed during the sixth week of prenatal development)
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upper lip
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Contributes to the sides of the upper lip.
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Maxillary processes
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Contributes to the middle of the upper lip.
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the two medial nasal processes
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The maxillary processes on each side of the developing face partially fuse with the mandibular arches to form the __________ of the mouth.
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Labial commissures
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Failure of fusion of the maxillary processes with the medial nasal process can result in ____________., ; may be unilateral or bilateral; with or without cleft palate, more commonly unilateral, occuring on the left side; more severe cases extend into the floor of the nostril and through the alveolar process of the maxilla.
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Cleft Lip
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Maxillary process also fuses with the lateral nasal process along the line of the ____________; establishes a community between the side of the nose, formed by the lateral nasal process, and the cheek region, formed by the maxillary process.
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Nasolacrimal groove
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The neck and its associated tissues develop from the _____________.
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primitive pharynx and the bracnchial apparatus.
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The beginnings of the embryo's hollow tube are derived from the anterior portion of the _________ and will form the primitive pharynx, the future oral portion of the throat, or oropharynx.
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foregut
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Originally derived from the embryonoc endoderm layer.
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Foregut
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Endoderm of the pharynx lines the internal portions of the branchial arches and passes into balloonlike areas called____.
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Pharyngeal pouches
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The endoderm that lines the pharynx does not line the oral cavity proper and the nasal cavity.Oral cavity proper and nasal cavity are lined by__________, as a result of embryonic folding.
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Ectoderm
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The caudal part of the primitive pharynx forms the__________, which leads to the stomach.
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Esophagus
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Referd to the gill formation of the neck areas for respiratory function in lower life forms, no gills form in the human embryo; thus the term pharyngeal is often used..
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Branchial
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Consists of the branchial arches, branchial grooves, and membranes and pharyngeal pouches.
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Branchial Apparatus
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Stacked bilateral swellings of tissue appear inferior to the stomodeum and include the mandibular arch. These are the _______.
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Branchial arches or pharyngeal arches.
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Six pairs of u-shaped bars with a core of mesenchyme formed by neural crest cells that migrate toward the neck region, bend to surround and support the developing pharynx.
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Branchial Arches
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The fifth__________ are abssent in humans because they are so rudimentary or are included in the fourth branchial arches.
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Branchial arch
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Give rise to important structures of the face and neck.
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Branchial arches
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Each branchial arch has its own developing cartilage, nevre, vascular, and muscular components within each________.
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mesodermal core
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The first pair of arches form the middle and lower face.
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True
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The second branchial arch is also known as______.
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Hyoid arch
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Cartilage forming within the second branchial arch is_________; most dissappears, although parts are responsible for the middle ear bone, a process of the temporal bone and portions of the hyoid bone..
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Reichert's cartilage.
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Consists of branchial arches, branchial grooves, and membranes, and pharyngeal pouches.
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Branchial apparatus
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The perichondrium surrounding Reichert's cartilage gives rise to the ligaments of the________ bone.
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Hyoid
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The ___ of the hyoid arches helps form the muscles of facial expression, the middle ear muscles and a suprahyoid muscle.
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Mesoderm
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Involved with the formation of the tongue
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hyoid arches, along with the third and fourth branchial arches
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Between neighboring branchial arches are external grooves; noted on each side of the embryo
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Branchial grooves
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The first branchial groove is located between
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first and second branchial arches
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The first branchial membrane seperates the
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groove from the pouches, although mesenchyme later seperates theses two layers.
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Develops into the tympantic membrane
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first branchial membrane
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The first groove forms the
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external auditory meatus
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Develop from the pharyngeal pouches
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many tissues of the face and neck
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The first pharyngeal pouches form between the first and secound branchial arches and become the
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auditory tubes
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Derived from the lining of the seconf pharyngeal pouches and also from the pharyngeal walls.
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Palatine tinsillar tissue
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First pouches
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Tympantic membrane(with first branchial groove), tympantic cavity, mastoid antrum, auditory tube
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Second pouches
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Crypts and lymphatic nodules of the palatine tonsils
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Third and fourth pouches
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Parathyroid and thymus glands
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Most congenital malformations in the neck originate during transformation of the branchial apparatus into its mature derivatives.
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True
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When branchial grooves occasionally do not become obliterated and portions remain as cervical sinuses or _________, may drain through sinuses along the neck but also may remain free in the neck tissue, do not become apparent until they produce a slowly enlarging , painless swelling.
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Cervical cysts
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First arches(mandibular)
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Trigeminal nerve, muscles of mastication, mylohoid and anterior belly of digastric tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini musles
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Second Arches(hyoid)
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Facial nerve, stapedius muscle, muscles of the facial expression, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, stylohoid muscle
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