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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how many pairs of pharyngeal arches are there?
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5
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what do the pharyngeal arches fill with?
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neural crest cells
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what will neural crest cells form in the pharyngeal arches?
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skeletal structures and dermis. also play a role in forming the cranium
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how do myotomal cells contribute to development of laryngeal muscles and tongue?
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myotomal cells migrate to the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches.
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what do occipital somites contribute to?
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dermis, base of skull, axial muscles of neck
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what are the 4 components of a pharyngeal arch?
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cartilage (NC), cranial nerve (NC and ectoderm), muscle (paraxial mesoderm), aortic arch (LPM)
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cranial nerves from pharyngeal arches 1-6
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CN V (trigeminal), CN VII (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X for both arch 4 and arch 6 (vagus).
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where do sensory ganglia for cranial nerves originate?
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from placodes: thickened regions of ectoderm
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what sensory ganglia for cranial nerves form from arches 1-4
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trigeminal ganglion (CN V), geniculate ganglion (CN VII), superior and inferior petrosal ganglia of CN IX, superior and inferior nodose ganglia of CN X.
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What muscles form from the pharyngeal arches?
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1. muscles of mastication, mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini.
2. muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric. 3. stylopharyngeus 4, 6. cricothyroid, levator palatine, pharyngeal constrictors, intrinsic muscles of larynx, striated muscles of esophagus. |
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what does the 3rd aortic arch become?
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common carotid
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what does the internal carotid derive from?
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dorsal aortae
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what happens to the 1st and 2nd aortic arches?
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lose their connection with the dorsal aorta and contribute to the maxillary and stapedial arteries.
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how do external carotids form?
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they sprout from the common carotid
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from which arch do the malleus and incus derive?
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first pharyngeal arch
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from which arch does the stapes derive?
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second pharyngeal arch
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what two branches of the vagus nerve derive from the 4-6 arches?
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superior laryngeal branch, and recurrent laryngeal branch.
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what are the neurocranium and viscerocranium?
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neurocranium is a protective case around the brain. viscerocranium is the skeleton of the face
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what cells is the frontal bone derived from (part of neurocranium)?
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neural crest cells
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what cells is the parietal bone derived from (part of neurocranium)?
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paraxial mesoderm
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what is the benefit of having unossified fontanels in fetuses
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permits "molding" during childbirth
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what is craniosynostosis?
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premature closing of cranial sutures.
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scaphocephaly?
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early closure of the sagittal suture
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brachycephaly?
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early closure of coronal and lambdoidal sutures
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plagiocephaly?
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early closure of coronal and lambdoidal sutures on ONE side of the head
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which bones are part of the membranous neurocranium?
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frontal, parietal, and occipital bones
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which bones are part of the cartilaginous neurocranium?
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bones at the base of the skull (including scaphoid, ethmoid, etc.)
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what part of the cartilaginous neurocranium derives from neural crest cells?
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anterior to the notochord (sella turcica)
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which part of the cartilaginous neurocranium derives from occipital sclerotomes?
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the parts next to the notochord..
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what causes treacher collins syndrome?
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can be genetic or due to a teratogen.
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why are craniofacial and heart defects commonly seen together?
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neural crest cells are sensitive to teratogens
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what is neurocristopathy?
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defects in both craniofacial and heart septa.
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