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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neurulation
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division of ectoderm into three types of cells: neural tube, epidermis, neural crest
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neural tube
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forms neurons and glia of CNS
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epidermis
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skin, hair, sweat glands, mammary glands, nails
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neural crest
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neurons and glia of PNS, skin pigment cells, endocrine cells, cartilage, bones and connective tissue of the face
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neural fold cells
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eventually become neural crest cells
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Median hinge point cells
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cells along midline. probably derived from neural plate cells at henson's node that undergo convergent extension.
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Dorsolateral hinge point cells
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force neural plate to bend when they elongate and become wedge shaped.
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spina bifida
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neural tube does not close at the end of the spine
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anencephaly
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lack of formation of most cerebral hemispheres of the brain
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Where is neural tube formation usually initiated?
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at the most anterior region of the embryo and moves posteriorly.
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neural floor plate secretes
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sonic hedgehog
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neural roof plate secretes
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transforming growth factor-beta family proteins (TGF-beta)
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Anterior end of the neural tube forms:
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prosencephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain) rhombencephalon (hindbrain) |
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Prosencephalon subdivides into:
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telencephalon-->cerebral hemispheres and hippocampus
and diencephalon--> retina, hypothalamus, thalamus |
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mesencephalon forms
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midbrain, optic lobes and connections between anterior and posterior portions of the brain
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Rhombencephalon subdivides itno
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metencephalon--> pons and cerebellum
and myelencephalon--> medulla |
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neural epithelium
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cells in neural tube are initially one cell thick
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mantle layer
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layer that grows on top of neural epithelium
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ventricular zone
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what neural epithelium develops into (later becomes ependymal layer)
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cells into mantle differentiate into:
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neurons and glia
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mantle layer
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aka gray matter
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marginal zone
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where axons are sent from mantle layer (aka white matter)
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sulcus limitans
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groove that divides the dorsal and ventral regions of the spinal cord
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dorsal neurons of spinal cord
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develop into sensory neurons
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ventral neurons of spinal cord
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develop into motor neurons
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ependymal cells
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cells that remain in the neural epithelium; these produce the precursors of all neurons and glia
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soma or perikaryon
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cell body of a neuron
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growth cone
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projects filopodia or microspikes that search the substrate for highly specific chemical cues that direct growth
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