Development Ch. 2

Front 1

uterus

Back 1

pear shaped muscular organ in a woman's abdomen that houses the developing baby

Front 2

cervix

Back 2

the neck/narrow lower portion, of the utuerus

Front 3

fallopian tube

Back 3

one of a pair of slim, pipe like strucutres that connect the overies with the uterus

Front 4

ovary

Back 4

one of a pair of almond shaped organs tha contain a woman's ova/eggs

Front 5

ovum

Back 5

an egg cell containint the genetic material contributed by the mother to the baby

Front 6

fertilization

Back 6

union of egg and sperm

Front 7

ovulation

Back 7

the moment during a woman's monthly cycle when an ovum is ecpelled form the ovary

Front 8

hormones

Back 8

chemical substance released in the bloodstream that target and change organs and tissue

Front 9

testes

Back 9

male organs that manufacture sperm

Front 10

chromosome

Back 10

a threadlike strand of DNA located in the nucleous of every cell that carries the genes, which transmit hereditary information

Front 11

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Back 11

the naterial that makes up genes, which bear our hereditary characteristics

Front 12

gene

Back 12

a segment of DNA that contains a chemical blue-print for manufacturing a particular protein

Front 13

germinal stage

Back 13

the first 14 days of prenatal development form fertilization to full implantation

Front 14

zygote

Back 14

a fertilized ovum

Front 15

blastocyst

Back 15

hollow sphere of cells formed during the germinal stage in preparation for implantation

Front 16

implantation

Back 16

the process in which a blastocyst become embedded in the uterine wall

Front 17

placenta

Back 17

the structure projecting from the eall of the uterus during pregnancy through which the developing baby absorbs nurtients

Front 18

embryonic stage

Back 18

the second stage of prenatal development, lasting from week 2 through week 8

Front 19

neural tube

Back 19

a cylindric structure that forms alson the back of the embryo and develops into the brain and spinal cord

Front 20

neuron

Back 20

a nerve cell

Front 21

proximodistal sequence

Back 21

the developmental principle that growth occurs from the most interior parts of the body outward

Front 22

cephalocaudal sequence

Back 22

the developmental principle that principle that growth occurs in a sequence from head to toe

Front 23

mass-to-specific sequence

Back 23

the developmental principle that large structures precede increasingly detailed refinements
this includes movement

Front 24

fetal stage

Back 24

the final period of prenatal development, lasing 7 months, characterized by physical refinements, massive growth, and the development of the brain

Front 25

age fo viability

Back 25

the earliest point at which a baby can survive outside the womb
about 22 but the longer in the womb the better

Front 26

umbilical cord

Back 26

the structure that attachest the placenta to the fetus, through which nutrients are passed and fetal wasts are removed

Front 27

amniotic sac

Back 27

a bag-shaped fluid-filled membrane that contains and insulates the fetus

Front 28

gestation

Back 28

the period of pregnancy

Front 29

trimester

Back 29

one of the 3 month long segments into which pregnancy is divided

Front 30

miscarriage

Back 30

the naturally occuring loss of pregnancy and death of the fetus

Front 31

quickening

Back 31

a pregnant woman's first feeling of the fetus moving inside her body

Front 32

birth defect

Back 32

a phsycial or neurological problem that occurs prenatally or at birth

Front 33

teratogen

Back 33

a substance that crosses the placenta and harms the fetus

Front 34

sensitive period

Back 34

the time when a body structure is most vulnerable to damage by a teratogen, typically when that organ or processis rapidly developing or coming "on line"

Front 35

developmental disorders

Back 35

learning impariments and behavioral problems during infancy and childhood

Front 36

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Back 36

a cluster of birth defects caused by the mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy
can cause not only physical disfigurments but also learnign disabilities

Front 37

Down syndrome

Back 37

most common chromosomal abnornamality, causes mental retardation, susceptibility to heart disease, and other health issues.

Front 38

single-gene disorder

Back 38

an illness caused by a single gene

Front 39

dominate disorder

Back 39

an illness that a child gets by inheriting one copy of the abnormal gene that causes the disorder

Front 40

recessive disorder

Back 40

an illness that a child gets by inheriting tow copies of the abnormal gene that cuases the disorder

Front 41

sex-linked single gene disorder

Back 41

an illness, carried on the onther's X choromosome, that typically leaves the female offspring unaffected but has a 50/50 chance of affecting the male child

Front 42

genetic testing

Back 42

a blood test to determine whether a person carries the gene for a given genetic disorder

Front 43

genetic councelor

Back 43

a professional who counsels parents-to-be about their risk of developing genetic disorders, as well as about available treatments

Front 44

ultrasound

Back 44

an image of the fetus in the womb that helps to date the pregnancy, assess the fetus's growth and identify abnormalities

Front 45

chrionic villus sampling (CVS)

Back 45

relatively risky first trimester pregnancy test for fetal genetic disorders

Front 46

amniocentesis

Back 46

a second-trimester procedure that involves inserting a syringe into a woman's uterus to extract a smample of amniotic fluis, which is tested fo ra variety of genetic and chormoamal conditions

Front 47

infertility

Back 47

the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected sex
this inculdes inability to carry a child

Front 48

assisted reporductive technology (ART)

Back 48

any infertility treatment in which the egg is fertilized outside the womb

Front 49

in vitro fertilization

Back 49

an inferitility treatment in which conception occurs outside the womb; the developing cell mas is then inserted into the woman's uterus so that pregnancy can occur

Front 50

what are the stages of birth

Back 50

dilation and effacement (thining), birth and the expulsion of the placenta

Front 51

natural childbirth

Back 51

a general term for labor and birth without medical interventions

Front 52

Apgar scale

Back 52

a quick test used to assess a just-delivered baby's condition by measuring heart rate, muscle tone, respiration, reflex response, and color

Front 53

low birth weight (LBW)

Back 53

a baby who weights less then 5.5 lbs at birth

Front 54

very low birth weight (VLBW)

Back 54

a baby who weights less then 3.25 lbs at birth

Front 55

neonatal intensive car unit (NICU)

Back 55

a special hospital unit that treats at risk newborms, such as LBW and VLBW

Front 56

infant mortality

Back 56

death of the baby during the first yr of life