Development & Anatomy Of Face

Front 1

1. What inductive influences is facial development dependent upon?
2. What type of tissue forms the pharyngeal arches?
3. What type of tissue makes up the pharyngeal clefts?
4. What type of developmental tissue makes up the pharyngeal pouches?
5. What do the arches, clefts and pouches become?

Back 1

1. prosencephalic and rhombencephalic organizing centers which are ventral to the developing forebrain and hindbrain
2. Mesenchyme
3. Ectoderm
4. Endoderm
5. All facial and neck structures

Front 2

1. What is a mass of mesenchyme covered externally with ectoderm and internally with endoderm?

Back 2

1. Pharyngeal arches

Front 3

1. What are the 4 components of the pharyngeal arches?
2. What n are associated with each arch?

Back 3

1. muscles, nerves, cartilage, artery
2: 1. Trigeminal CN V
2. CN VII Facial
3. CN IX Glossopharyngeal
4,6: CN X

Front 4

1. What arches is the external ear formed from?
2. What are the 5 prominences that the face develops from?
3. What developmental cell type forms the prominences?

Back 4

1. First and second
2. (2) Mandiblar, (2) Maxillary, (1) Frontonasal prominence
3. Proliferation of neural crest mesenchyme covered by ectoderm

Front 5

1. When do facial elevation develop (week)?
2. What does the frontonasal prominence develop from and where is it?
3. What do the maxillary prominence develop from and where is it?

Back 5

1. 3 week
2. Mesenchyme ventral to the brain, lies cranial to stomodeum
3. From 1st pharyngeal arch, lies lateral to stomodeum

Front 6

1. What does the mandibular prominence develop from and where is it?
2. What is the stomodeum?

Back 6

1. From 2nd pharyngeal arch, lies caudal to the stomodeum
2. lies between maxillary prominences, it is the primitive oral cavity

Front 7

1. What will the nasal placodes develop from?
2. What week does this occur in?
3. What is the prominence immediately below the mandiublar prominence?

Back 7

1. Ectodermal thickening in caudal portion of frontonasal prominence
2. 4 week
3. Hyoid arch

Front 8

1. What swellings will the mesenchyme around the nasal placodes form?
2. In what week do the mandibular prominences merge?
3. What is the Nasolacrimal groove between?

Back 8

1. Medial nasal swelling, lateral nasal swelling, nasal pit in between...There are 2 of each
2. 5 week
3. Lateral nasal prominence & the Maxillary swelling

Front 9

1. What do medial nasal swellings merge with?
2. What do lateral nasal swellings merge with?
3. What week does this occur in?

Back 9

1. Each other and the maxillary swelling
2. With the maxillary swelling
3. 7

Front 10

What do the following develop from?
1. Forehead and dorsum of nose
2. Sides of nose
3. Nasal septum & intermaxillary segment
4. What is the intermaxillary segment?

Back 10

1. Frontonasal prominence
2. Lateral nasal swellings
3. Medial nasal swellings
4. INcludes the philtrum of the lip, medial maxilla, primary palate, central incisors...Failure to form causes cleft lip

Front 11

What do the following develop from?
1. Lateral portion of the upper lip
2. Lower lip
3. Secondary palate
4. Superior cheek regions
5. chin
6. Lateral portion of the maxilla
7. inferior cheek regions

Back 11

1. Maxillary prominence
2. Mandibular prominence
3. Maxillary prominence
4. Maxillary prominence
5. Mandibular prominence
6. Maxillary prominence
7. Mandibular prominence

Front 12

What do the following develop from?
1. muscles of facial expression
2. Nasal cavity?

Back 12

1. 2nd arch..Facial n CN VII
2. Deepening and expansion of nasal cavity

Front 13

1. What does the oronasal membrane do, and what happens to it in the 6th week?
2. What is the filtrum of the lip?

Back 13

1. Separates the oral and nasal cavities. in the 6th week it ruptures making the 2 cavities continuous
2. Most medial portion of the upper lip, going up to the nostril

Front 14

1. What does the secondary palate fuse with, and what will it separate.
2. What is the remaining opening between the 2 cavities?

Back 14

1. Nasal septum to separate the nasal and oral cavities
2. Choana

Front 15

1. What developmental tissue is the stomodeum lined by, and what is it bounded by?
2. What separates the stomodeum from the pharynx
3. What is the separation derived from?
4. What developmental tissue is the separation made from?
5. When does it degenerate?

Back 15

1. Lined with ectoderm, surrounded by Maxillary, madibular and frontonasal swellings
2. Oropharyngeal membrane
3. Prechordal plate
4. Endoderm and ectoderm
5. Day 24

Front 16

Know all superficial landmarks of the face from the face development lecture

Back 16

...

Front 17

For the m of facial expression, what is the:
1. origin/insertion
2. innervation

Back 17

1. Origin on underlying bone, insert on skin and fascia of face
2. Facial n CN VII

Front 18

Facial m, what is the Region and action of:
1. Occiptiofrontalis
2. Orbicularis Oculi (Palpebral & Orbital portions)
3. Corrugator supercilii
4. Procerus
5. Orbicularis oris

Back 18

1. Scalp- raise eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, tightens scalp
2. Eye - Sphincter of eyelids
3. Eye- Draw eyebrow inferiorly and medially
4. Nose- Wrinkle skin over bridge of nose
5. Mouth- Compress lips

Front 19

Facial m, what is the Region and action of:
1. Nasalis
2. Levator labii superioris
3. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
4. zygomaticus major
5. zygomaticus minor

Back 19

1. Nose- compress & dilate nostrils
2. elevate upper lip & angle of mouth
3. elevate upper lip
4. Elevate angle of mouth
5. elevate angle of mouth

Front 20

Facial m, what is the Region and action of:
1. Levator anguli oris
2. Risorius
3. Buccinator
4. Depressor anguli oris
5. Depressor labii inferioris
6. Mentalis

Back 20

1. Elevate angle of mouth
2. retract angle of mouth
3. Compress cheeks
4. Depress angle of mouth
5. Depress lower lips
6. Elevates & protrudes lower lip

Front 21

Facial m, what is the Region and action of:
1. Auricularis anterior, superior, posterior

Back 21

Retract or elevate ear

Front 22

Know the dermatome pattern for the trigeminal n...

What are the 3 subdivisions of the trigeminal n?

Back 22

Maxillary, mandibular, opthalmic

Front 23

What branches does the facial n giveoff after exiting the stylomastoid foramen, and not including the part piercing the parotid gland?

Back 23

Posterior auricular n to posterior auricular and occipitalis
Stylohyoid n to stylohyoid m
Digastric n to posterior belly of digastric m

Front 24

What are the two parts and the 5 branches of the facial n after piercing the parotid gland?

Back 24

Temporozygomatic - Temporal, zygomatic
Cervicomandibular- Buccal, Mandibular, cervical

Front 25

What named n come from the xxx of trigeminal and what do they supply?
1. Opthalmic

Back 25

1. Lacrimal - skin of upper eyelid
2. Frontal n
a. Supratrochlear n - medial upper lid & forehead
b. Supraorbital- forehead and scalp
3. Nasociliar n
a. Infratrochlear n - medial angle of eye and nose
b. External nasal n - nose

Front 26

What named n come from the xxx of trigeminal and what do they supply?
Maxillary division

Back 26

1. Zygomatic
a. Zygomaticofacial n - cheek
b. Zygomaticotemporal n - lateral forehead
2. Infraorbital- lower eyelid, face, nose, upper lip

Front 27

What named n come from the xxx of trigeminal and what do they supply?
Mandibular division

Back 27

1. Anterior trunk: Buccal n - cheek
2. Posterior trunk:
Auriculotempral n - anterior ear, temporal region
Mental n - terminal branch of inferior alveolar n to chin

Front 28

1. What is unique about the buccal n?

Back 28

there are 2, one from trigeminal, one from facial so be careful when being asked

Front 29

What named spinal nerves play a role in n supply to the face?

Back 29

1. Lesser occipital n C2
2. Great auricular C2,3
3. Transverse cervical C2,3

Front 30

1. What are the 4 branches of the facial a?
2. What does the transverse facial a come from?
3. What do the supraorbital and supratrochlear aa come from?

Back 30

1. Submental, inferior labial, superior labial, angular
2. Superficial temporal a, only named branch of this a
3. opthalmic a, from internal carotid,

Front 31

1. What 2 veins drain into the retromandibular v
2. What will it join with to form the external jugular v?

Back 31

1. Maxillary and superficial vv.
2. Posterior auricular

Front 32

1. What does the angular v anastomose with intercranially, whih drains into the cavernous sinus
2. What does the angular v terminate as?
3. What does the facial v drain into?

Back 32

1. Superior opthalmic v
2. facial v
3. internal jugular v

Front 33

Why is the triangle from beside the mouth to the mid unibrow considered a danger zone?

Back 33

Because the veinous drainage will drain into the internal juglar deep in the head,so infection could spread very badly

Front 34

How does the parotid duct travel?
Where will it open into the oral cavity?
What is it innervated by?

Back 34

crosses the masseter m and pierces the buccinator
opposite upper 2nd molar
sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomics

Front 35

How do parasympathetic sectetomotor fibers travel to the parotid gland?

Back 35

Preganglionic fibers from inferior salivatory nucleus pass though tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal CN IX to tympanic plexus in middle ear. Leaves skull on lesser petrosal n to synapse in the otic ganglion. Postganglionic fibers in auriculotermporal branch of mandibular n.

Front 36

How do postganglionic sympathetic fibers travel to the parotid gland?

What is the vascular supply of the gland?

Back 36

In a plexus accompanying the external carotid a

from vessels traversing the gland

Front 37

1. What is trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)?
2. Bells palsy & causes
3. Frey's syndrome

Back 37

1. excruciating facial pain from inflammation of CN V
2. weakness or paralysis of facial m due to facial n damage, due to mumps (infection of parotid) or parotidectomy
3. Healing of the great auricular n goes awry, so parasympathetic secretomotor fibers bound for the parotid reach sweat glands, so perspiration will appear on skin covering the parotid gland as a person eats