Development Across The Lifespan Midterm - Key People

Front 1

What Stage are 4 -6 year olds going through in Erickson's Stages of development?

Back 1

Industry vs. Inferiority; Consistent failure may lead to a sense of inferiority.

Front 2

Generativity vs. Stagnation occurs in what stage of life?

Back 2

Adult (middle age)

Front 3

What is at the bottom of Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid?

Back 3

Phsiological and health needs

Front 4

Put in order from bottom to top:
a. Self esteem and life satisfaction b.Physiological and health needs c. participation and extrapersonal needs d. emotional and personal needs

Back 4

b, d, c, a

Front 5

Name the three levels of Moral Thinking. Who created these?

Back 5

Kohlberg’s 3 Levels of Moral Thinking:
• Preconventional (4-10 yrs): rules obeyed based on understanding of reward/punishment (personal benefit)
• Conventional (pre-adolescents): rules obeyed to conform to society (personal benefit)
• Postconventional (13 yrs +): personal values determine right / wrong

Front 6

Chess and Thomas described three types of children according to temperament. What are these types?

Back 6

THe easy child, the slow to warm up child, the difficult child

Front 7

Ainsworth came up with a theory of __________.

Back 7

attachment.

FYI:
o Securely attached: mom is “home base”; upset when leaves; happy when returns
o Avoidant: avoids mom
o Ambivalent: decreased exploration with mom; alternate between clingy/aggressive when returns

Front 8

Object permanence occurs in what Piagetian stage?

Back 8

the Sensorimotor period (0-2 yrs)

Front 9

What are the key aspects of the preoperational stage? How old are children in this stage?

Back 9

Centration, egocentrism, symbolic functions; age 2-7 yrs.

Front 10

Vygotsky's Zone of _______

Back 10

Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development:

FYI:
• Society and culture influences cognitive development
• Zone of proximal development: being nearly ready to comprehend or perform but needs scaffolding (support from others) for success
• This led to group learning and peer teaching in education

Front 11

Who created schedules of development?

Back 11

Gesell

FYI
Gesell’s Schedules of Development:
• Results from longitudinal studies established norms for infant and child development & basis for many developmental assessments

Front 12

What are these examples of?

• Top to bottom (e.g. control of head before LE)
• Proximal to distal (e.g. shoulder before hand)
• Medial to lateral (e.g. development of grasp moves from ulnar to radial)
• Up against gravity (e.g. crawling before walking)

Back 12

Laws of developmental direction: motor development.

FYI
Gesell

Front 13

What is a critical period?

Back 13

when an individual is most receptive to learning a behavior or skill

Front 14

Key people of Neuromaturational side?

Back 14

Gesell and McGraw

Front 15

Key people of Dynamic Systems Model?

Back 15

Shumway-Cook, Wallocot, Horak

Front 16

Describe Dynamic Systems Model

Back 16

- rejected notion that the brain functions in a hierarchical, top-down approach. # of systems working in parallel with an elaborate communication between neural centers.
- prevalent current rehab lit.
- endpoint/goal of behavior is impt.
- beh. @ any given time is a result of mult. systems: environment, child, task
- CNS not PRIME it is KEY
- mvmt dysfunction caused by internal constraints (bio), environment (soc, phys, cult.), and task
-Learning is based on feed-forward and feedback

Front 17

What are the six domains of OT

Back 17

Areas of Occupation
Peformance Skills
Performance Patterns
Client Factors
Activity Demands
COntext/Environment

Front 18

Who is responsible for CLassical conditioning?

Back 18

Pavlov

Front 19

Skinner is known for?

Back 19

Operant Conditioning

Front 20

The following are examples of what?
o Linguistic
o Logical/mathematical
o Spatial
o Musical
o Bodily/kinesthetic
o Interpersonal
o Intrapersonal (introspective)

Back 20

Gardner's Learning Styles

Front 21

What are three performance patterns

Back 21

habits, routines, rituals

Front 22

What are the six contexts and environments (domain)? Think OT profile paper...

Back 22

Temporal, Virtual, Physical, Social, Cultural, Personal

Front 23

An individual forms intimate relationships with friends, family, spouse. What Erickson stage is this ind. in?

Back 23

Young Adult, Intimacy vs. Isolation

Front 24

When you are 12, according to Kholberg, you are in what level of moral thinking?

Back 24

conventional

Front 25

your child is unpleasant, has a high activity level, and is slow to adapt. What kind of child do you have?

Back 25

Difficult

Front 26

you view a child with decreased exploration with mom and alternate sbetween clingy/aggressive when returns...the child is..

Back 26

ambivalent

FYI
Ainsworth
Attachment theory

Front 27

Your child is 8. What Cognitive stage is he is according to Piaget?

Back 27

Concrete operations

Front 28

support from others for success is called what? Who created this term?

Back 28

Scaffolding; Vygotsky

Front 29

What theory dominated in 1950's? (Progression of Language development Theories)

Back 29

Learning Theory

Front 30

Mary Ainsworth worked with who in the Strange Situation? (formed three kinds of attachment)

Back 30

Bowlby

Front 31

_____ believed that language was a sign of underlying cognitive structure whereas Vgotsky believed that language helped to drive and develop cognitive structures.

Back 31

Noam Chomsky

FYI
Nativist,
language acquisition is innate;
LAD: language acquisition device

Front 32

Albert Bandura is known for what?

Back 32

Social Learning theory and modeling