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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells as Units of life-
what are gametes? what is a zygote? size of a typical cell? how many cells for human dev? |
2 seperate cells
a fused cell beginning of individuality unique genetic combination 10 um (0.01 mm) 1 cell to 100 trillion cells |
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major divisions of life-
two types of cells? prokaryotic cells consist of? eukaryotic? what vs. what? |
prokaryotic/ eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic: bacteria,no organelle-cell nucleus, unicellular eukaryotic: w/organelle plants, animals, fungi unicellular vs. multicellular |
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what are the two types?
what do they each consist of? |
animal-like
plant-like animal-like: amoeba/paramecium plant-like: green algae/diatoms |
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multicellular-
three main groups? growth by what? complexity by what? |
plants, animals, fungi
growth by cell division complexity by cell differentiation |
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cell division-
three types? what do they each consist of? |
binary fission:
prokaryotic cells mitosis: somatic cell division asexual reproduction meiosis: gamete formation sexual reproduction |
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cell differentiation-
how many types of human cells? three basic categories? what do they consist of? |
210 types of human cells
germ cells: gamete formation somatic cells: differentiated cells stem cells: ability for renewal and differentiation |
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mechanisms of cell differentiation-
receive what? compete btwn what? prod what to affect what? |
1.Receiving diff chem signals
2.Competing btwn 2 identical cells 3.Prod chem signals -to affect an entire group of similar cells |
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differential gene expression-
what type of cells? what are expressed? what are suppressed? what are either? either what? what kind of cells possess what? |
muscle cells
genes for muscle proteins are expressed genes for digestive enzyme proteins are suppressed induced/ suppressed specialized cells possess: the entire genome |
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somatic cell nuclear transfer-
three types? what kind of cells w/ what? what occurs? |
cloning of dolly
mammary gland cell july 5, 1996:Genome to nucleus somatic cell w/ desired genes nucleus fuses w/ denucleated egg cell |
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cloning technology-
two types of cloning? decribe. |
reproductive/therapeutic cloning
creating a genetically identical individual -asexual reproduction creating genetically matched stem cells -treating diseases via cell/ tissue replacement |
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human gestaton period-
how many wks? how many what? called? what happens in each? |
39-41 wks
3 trimesters 1st-morning sickness miscarriages 2nd-fetal movement 3rd-survivability |
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embryonic development-
three steps? describe. |
morula:
undifferentiated cells 128 cells blastulation: blastula or blastocyst gastrulation: gastrula tissue/organ/body plan |
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blastocysts-
two aspects? describe. |
uterine implantation:
IVF implantation inner cell mass: source of therapeutic stem cell pluripotent |
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origin of stem cells-
three points? |
therapeutic cloning
destruction of embryo pluripotent stem cell |
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gastrulation-
how many days after what? formation of diff what? |
10 to 14 days
after zygote formation diff cell layers: endoderm mesoderm ectoderm (external layer) |
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commonalities in animal development-
what animals were studied? what controls what? called? |
worms, fruit flies, humans
genes control body pattern formation homobox genes |
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fetal alcohol syndrome-
described when? what kind of disorder? describe. when is it most susceptible? |
1973
developmental disorder microcephaly during 1st trimester |
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thalidomide tradedy-
marketed when? where? reason? what does it do? how many affected? |
1957
around the world except US teratogen alters fetal development during first 25-50 days of pregnancy 12,000 thalidomide |
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human embryonic development-
fertilization where? |
eallopian tube
morula formation day 6-blastocyst forms day 10-gastrulation day 12-head/ tail week 4-arm buds week 7-basic body pattern |
