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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Developmental Psychology
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Studies how people’s behavior changes (physically, mentally, & socially) over time (throughout the lifespan)
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Gene-Environment Interaction
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Situation in which the effects of genes depend on the environment in which they are expressed
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Nature via nurture
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Children with certain genetic predispositions often seek out and create their own environments
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Gene Expression
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Environment turns some genes on and off
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Cognitive Development
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How children learn, think, reason, communicate, and remember
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Constructivist Theory
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children construct an understanding of their world based on the results of their behavior
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Schemas
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Generalizations that develop based on experience to help organize knowledge
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Accomodation
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Existing schemas are changed or new schemas created to fit new information
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Assimilation
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taking new information and fitting it into an already existing schema
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Mental Representation
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the ability to think about things that are not present
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Object Permanence
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Understand an object exists even if it cannot be seen
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Sensorimotor stage
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First stage, (Birth-2yrs)
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Preoperational stage
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Second stage, (2-7yrs), Children can use language and pictures as representations of ideas
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Egocentrisim
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Can’t take other’s perspective
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Animism
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Inatimate objects have feelings too
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Conservation
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Understanding that 2 equal quantities remain equal, even if appearance changes
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Concrete Operational stage
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Third stage, (7-12yrs), increasingly logical in thought; classifying and categorizing; less egocentric; inability to reason abstractly
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Formal Operational stage
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Fourth stage, (12-adulthood), ability to think logically about abstract principles and hypothetical situations
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Critiques of Piaget's Theory
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1. Underestimates children's abilities
2. Overestimates age differences in thinking 3. Vague about process of change 4. Underestimates role of social environment and culture 5. Lack of evidence for qualitatively different stages |
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Scaffolding
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provide initial assistance in child’s learning, but gradually remove structure as child becomes more competent
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Zone of Proximal Development
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Phase of learning during which kids can benefit from instruction
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Naive physics
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Infants possess a basic understanding of how physical objects behave
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Sense of Self
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Babies recognize themselves
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Theory of Mind
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Ability to reason about what other people know or believe (take their perspective)
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False-belief Task
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Tests children’s ability to understand that someone else believes something they know to be wrong
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Stranger Anxiety
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Children begin to develop around 8-9 mos of age and lasts until about 12-15 mos
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