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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The molecular basis of heredity, constructed of a double helix whose parallel strands consist of both pairs held together by hydrogen bonds
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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A carrier of genes; one of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23 pairs) that each cell of the body contains and that, together, contain all human genes
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chromosome
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The full set of chromosomes, with all the genes they contain, that make up the genetic material of an organism
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genome
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The basic unit for the trasmission of heredity instructions
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gene
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A reproductive cell; that is, a cell that can reproduce a new individual if it combines with one from the other sex
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gamete
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The single cell formed from the fusing of a sperm and an ovum
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zygote
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An organism's entire genetic inheritance, or genetic potential
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genotype
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A slight, normal variation of a particular gene
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allele
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The chromosome pair that, in humans, determines the zygote's sex, amoung other things
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23rd pair
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A 23rd pair that consists of two X-shaped chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father
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XX
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A 23rd pair that consists of one X-shaped chromosome from the mother and one Y-shaped chromosome from the father
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XY
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The naturally occurring termination of a pergnancy before the fetus is fully developed
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spontaneous abortion or miscarriage
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Twins who have identical genes because they were formed from one zygote that split into two identical organisms very early in development
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monozygotic twins
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Twins who were formed when two seperate ova were fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time. Such twins share about half their genes, like any other sibilings
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dizygotic twins
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Processes in which certain genes code for proteins that switch other genes on and off, making sure that the other genes produce proteins at the appropriate times
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on-off switching mechanism
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A person's actual apperance and behavior, which are the result of both genetic and environmental influences.
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phenotype
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Referring to inherited traits that are influenced by many factors, including factors in the environment, rather than by genetic influences alone
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multifactorial
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Referring to inherited traits that are influenced by many genes, rather than by a single gene
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polygenic
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A gene that, through interaction with other genes, affects a specific trait
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additive gene
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The interaction of a pair of alleles in such a way that the phenotype reveals the influence of one allele (the dominant gene) more than that of the other (the recessive gene).
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dominant-recessive pattern
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The member of an interacting pair of alleles whose influence is more evident in the phenotype
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dominant gene
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The member of an interacting pair of alleles whose influence is less evident in the phenotype
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recessive gene
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Referring to a gene that is located on the X chromosome
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X-Linked
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An international effort to map the complete human genetic code
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Human Genome Project
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A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in his or her phenotype but can be passed on to his or her children
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carrier
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The study of the genetic origins of psychological characteristics, such as personality patterns, psychological disorders, and intellectual abilities
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behavior genetics
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Referring to a condition in which a persona has a mixture of cells, some normal and some with the incorrect number of chromosomes
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mosaic
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A genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome is attached to the rest of it by a very thin string of molecules' often produces mental deficiency in males who inherit it
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fragile X syndrome
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A process of consultation and testing that enables individuals to learn about their genetic heritage, including conditions that might harm any children they may have
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genetic counseling
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