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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is in which an infant shows a fear and wariness of strangers; separation anxiety is when the child starts to cry when the caregiver leaves; social referencing involves “reading the emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in particular situation.
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Stranger Anxiety
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Reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation
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Social Referencing
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Crying when the caregiver leaves
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Separation Protest
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(1 of the 4 types of parenting)
restrictive, punitive style demanding obedience and respect |
Authoritarian parenting
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(1 of the 4 types of parenting)
encourages independence but still places limits and controls |
Authoritative parenting
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(1 of the 4 types of parenting)
parent is very uninvolved in the child's life |
Neglectful parenting
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highly involved with but place few demands or controls
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Indulgent parenting
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a. Mothers- mothers socialize their daughters to be more obedient and responsible
b. Fathers--- fathers show more attention to sons than daughters, engage in more activities with sons, and put forth more effort to promote sons’ intellectual development |
How do mothers and fathers play different roles in socializing and interacting with boys and girls
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Condition that occurs when infants stop breathing usually during the night and die suddenly w/o an apparent cause
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SIDS - Sudden infant death syndrome
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Who is at Risk for SIDS
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Highest at 4 to 6 weeks of age
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How can parents try to prevent SIDS from happening to their baby
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Sleep infant on their back,
Use a pacifier when the infant sleeps |
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a close emotional bond b/t two people
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Attachment
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What are the three types of cries that babies display?
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Anger
Basic Pain |
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development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people
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Morals
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children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people
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ages 4 - 7
heteronomous morality |
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aware that rules and laws are created by people
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10 years and older:
autonomous morality |
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Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched ( ex.. putting the pen under the towel and baby didn’t look 4 it.)
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Object permanence
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centering of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.
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Centration
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awareness that altering an object’s or a substance’s appearance does not change its basic properties
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Conservation
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Responding to another person’s feelings with an emotion that echoes the others feelings
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Empathy
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i. making them passive learners
ii. distracting them from doing homework iii. teaching them stereotypes iv. providing them with violent models of aggression v. presenting them with unrealistic views of the world |
Negative Effects of TV on Children
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a. presenting motivating educational programs
b increasing their information about the world beyond their immediate environment c. providing models of prosocial behavior |
Positive Effects of TV On Children
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Built in reactions to stimuli (ex. rooting sucking , sneezing)
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Reflexes
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the inability to distinguish b/t one’s own perspective and someone’s else’s salient feature of the first sub stage of preoperational thought.
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Egocentrism
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Recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation
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Disahabituation
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Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus
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Habituation
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Children use their existing schemes to deal w/ new information or experiences
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Assimilation
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Children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account
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Accomodation
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the concept that I a rule is broken punishment will be meted out immediately.
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Imminent justice
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a. Accidents
i. Motor vehicle accidents ii. Drowning iii. Falls iv. Poisoning v. Cancer/ Cardiovascular disease |
Top leading causes of death in young adults in the U.S.?
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Skills that involve large- muscle activities
i. Sitting upright- 6 to 7 months, Crawling 8 ½ months, Standing 8 months, Walking 12 months |
Motor Skills and How they Change
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pleasurable activity that is engaged in for its own sake
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Play
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The brain continues to grow after birth thru infancy an later. The weight o the brain of a newborn is about 25% of its adult weight and by the 2nd year the brain is about 75% of its adult weight.
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How the brain grows & How big it is during infancy and early childhood
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an indiv behavioral style and characteristic way of emotionally responding
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Temperament
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i. Effortful Control (self regulation)
ii. Kagans’ behavioral inhibition iii. Chess and Thomas’ Classification |
Three different types of temperament
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A from of communication whether spoken written or signed that is based on a system of symbols.
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Language
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Prefrontal lobes of the brain are immature this area of the brain is believed to play an important role in strong memories for events.
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Infantile or childhood amnesia
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