Dev Psyc Chapter 4

Front 1

Piaget’sTheory

Back 1

-Children actively constructtheir knowledge

-scientific problem solvers

Front 2

Schema:

Back 2

-a concept of framework that exist in an individua’s mind to organize and interpret information

-social cues

Front 3

Mechanisms of change (3)

Back 3

-Assimilation

-Accommodation

-Equilibration

Front 4

Assimilation

Back 4

-Occurs when an individual incorporates new informationinto existing knowledge

-child has a schema for cat and they when the see a tiger and call it a cat

-Not passive: environmentalinput is often modified to be incorporated into schemas

Front 5

Accommodation (complementary process of assimilation)

Back 5

-individuals adjust/adapt theirschemas to new information

-making a schema of cats and a schema for tigers

Front 6

Equilibration

Back 6

-the process by why which childrenkeep their cognitive structures in balance; achieved through assimilation and accommodation

Front 7

Piaget’s theory; The Stage Model

Back 7

-sensorimotor (birth to~2 years),

-preoperational (~2 years to 7 years),

-concrete,operations (~7 to 12 years),

-formaloperations (~12 years onward)

Front 8

sensorimotor (birth to ~2 years),

Back 8

-moves fromsimple reflexes to symbolic thought

-repetitive behaviors:

-modification reflexes: Habits, sucking their thumb

- start Object Permanence (conservation of existence)

Front 9

A-not-Berror (sensorimotor)

Back 9

-12-18 months (active experimentation)

-Put a toy under a blanket then

-move it under another blanket.

-The babywill still think its under the first one since that’s where they saw it last

Front 10

Baillargeon (1987) habituation (sensorimotor)

Back 10

-participants: 4-1/2-month-olds

-Impossible event: thecar and the block

-sees a car going down a track, the middleof the track is covered

-the baby sees that the car will still come out the other side

-then they show the same track with a blockon it then they cover it up with the screen and move the block to let thecar go

Front 11

preoperational (~2 years to 7 years),

Back 11

-use symbols to represent objects

Front 12

DeLoache’s explanation: Dual representation (preoperational)

Back 12

-find snoopy

-2½-year-olds don’t tend find him but 3yr olds do

-moving the child from being focused ontheir own perspective to becoming more interactive

-collective monologue

-"do you have a brother"

Front 13

Conservation (preoperational)

Back 13

-coins, water in two different cups

-the realization that an entityremains the same despite changes in its form

-some kids can understand the difference

Front 14

Spatial perspective taking (preoperational)

Back 14

-They will report what they can see as what the otherwould see

-three mountain diagram

-most 4yr olds fail it but they can pass if its a more familiar scene

Front 15

concrete, operations (~7 to 12 years),

Back 15

-Thinking based on mentaloperations

-understand operations performed can be reversed(conservation is possible)

-ability to classify objects is qualitatively ( sorting coloured shapes varying in sizes and colours)

Front 16

formal operations (~12 years onward)

Back 16

-not considered universal

-begin to think about the formof the argument

-capable of logical and scientific thinking

Front 17

hypothetical-deductivereasoningions

Back 17

-scientific thinking: Beaker problem (test all to find the solution)

-Abstract thinking: things that are intangible

-Reflective abstraction (reflecting on their own thoughts)

Front 18

Piaget’s Cognitive Stages Theory (5 stages)

Back 18

-Qualitative change:

-Broad applicability:

-Invariant sequence

-Brief transition

-Universality

Front 19

Qualitative change

Back 19

-change from looking at the details to the bigger picture

-moral reasoning – outcome-to-intention shift

-spilling water accidentally

Front 20

Broad applicability

Back 20

-consistency across domains within a stage

-all domains in a stage connect

Front 21

Invariant sequence

Back 21

-the order of the stages is fixed andstages cannot be skipped

-everyone goes through all stages

Front 22

Brief transition

Back 22

-transition periods between stages is brief

-When there is a shift,it happens quickly.

-If it was slow, itwould be qualitative.

Front 23

Universality

Back 23

-the first three stages are applied across all cultures