Deuterostomes

Front 1

Dueterostomes
cleavage, how is it different to protostomes?

fate of the blastopores?

Back 1

their cleavege is radial and intdeterminate as opposed to the proto which are spiral and determinate
the blastopore in the duetero forms the anus as opposed to the proto which forms the mouth

Front 2

determinate vs indeterminate

Back 2

determinate means the cells fates have been determined
indeterminate means they have the ability to form given their circumstance

Front 3

Schizocoeloms vs Enterocoelom formation

Back 3

schizoceolom is in the protostome which is on the ends of the blastocoeal. entero is the dueterostome which froms from the ends of the endoderm

Front 4

Echinodermata is what
how do they progress in life stages?
how is their vascularity describes?
how does this system function, what is the opening and what does it lead to and what is the name of the part that powers this?
is there a nervous system? describe it

Back 4

sea urchins and sea stars
start as bilateral larvae and develop into 5 part radial creatures
theirs no blood, instead a water vascular system to be used in respration and waster removal
the entering is called the maderoporite which relays water into the tube feet used in either feeding or locomotion. it is sucked in using the contracting ampullae
the nervous system is reduced in a nerve ring or nerve net

Front 5

sea urchins and sand dollars are part of what a class or a phylim?
what arms do they lack
where are they found
how is their endoskeleton?
how is their respiration?
do they have a spine?
their shape?

Back 5

class echinoidea, phylum echinodermata
peripheral arms
tide pools and kelp beds
comprised of a test fused with CaCO3
its a gill like structure called a papullae
no spine they are flat

Front 6

the sea stars are what phylum? or are they class?
describe the numbering of their arms?
whats unique about their arms? what do they contain?
how do they feed?

Back 6

Class Asteroidea phylum echinodermata
5 or multiples of 5
each contain individually a reproductive organ, a radial canal, and supporting tube feet

Front 7

the brittle stars are what
how do they respond to touch
what do their tube feet lack
how do they move?

Back 7

ophiuroidea
they drop an arm
they lack suckers
move by swinging their arms (probably not important)

Front 8

the sea cucumbers
what do they feed on and how?
what do they lack?
notable about their endoskeleton?
how do they defend themselves? why is it harmful to them? or seemingly self destrutive?

Back 8

Class holothuroidea phylum echinodermata
plankton
lack distinctive arms
endoskeleton reduced to a collegen body wall
they eject a portion of their respiratory system

Front 9

What about the Chordata makes it noteable

Back 9

endoskeleton is modified to be truly internal
they have a flexible rod like structure now called a Notochord which greatly enhances locomotion and other physiological systems

Front 10

Aristotles lantern?

Back 10

the sand dollars. echinoidea class of the echinodermata phylum
they are the 5 calcium teeth that scrap algae in this feeding structure

Front 11

what is a pedicillariae

Back 11

the cleaning pincers of the echinoderms

Front 12

what is a radial canal

Back 12

idk

Front 13

what is a cuvier tubule

Back 13

what ejects the respiratory parts in the holothuroidea defense mechanism

Front 14

tunic?

Back 14

a tunic is a tough body wall
phylum chordata, subphylum urochordata
utilizes an incurrent and excurrent siphon to filter food and oxygen

Front 15

the pharyngeal slit

Back 15

opening where water can leave the pharynx. noteable of chordate phylum of the deuterostomes

Front 16

post anal tail

Back 16

muscilized propulsive mechanism in propulsion noted in the chordates

Front 17

whats above the nerve chord

Back 17

a dorsal hollow nerve chord, basis of the central nervous sysem

Front 18

subphylum cephalochordaya

Back 18

lancelots
knife blade shape
marine
feed with tentacles on mouth

Front 19

the vertebrates
how do they account for locomotion.. think segments and body system
development of what anterior feature

Back 19

subphylum chordata
they have seperate articulation systems (ossified meaning theyre now bony)

Front 20

The agnathans are what
what do they lack
how do they feed

Back 20

the jawless fish taxon, includes the myxini class (hagfish... produce slime as defence) and the petromyzontida(lampreys...unsegmented notochord)

they both lack paired appendages

Front 21

the chondichthyes
are they ossified?
jaw brah?

Back 21

class of chordata which includes the sharks skates and rays
they contain cartilginous bones but not really bones
mirin jaw brah

Front 22

Chordata
Apart of which grade (clade characterized by biological features)
-Feature great modifications to which structural component of the body.
-Flexible ________ that greatly enhances locomotion

-What are pharyngeal gill pouches
-What does it mean to have a post anal tail that is muscularized
What does it mean to have segmented muscles, what is the term
How is their heart positioned

Back 22

Great modifications of the endoskeleton (truly internal
)
Flexible rod (notochord) that greatly enhances locomotion,

Post anal tail used for greater locomotion.

Significant enhancements of all major physiological systems
Pharyngeal gill pouches: Backdoors for pharynx allowing water and air to flow.

Heart is ventral

Front 23

Subphylum Urochordata (Deuterostomes)
-Apart of which phylum
-What characteristic do they possess, what is its function

Back 23

Apart of Chordata
Possess tunic which acts as reinforcement for the body wall contains cellulose.

Front 24

Subphylum Cephalochordata
-Commonly known as the

Back 24

Lancelets
Representitive of primitive vertbrates

Front 25

Subphylum Vertebrata
-The notochord is replaced by what?
-What does the single hollow dorsal nerve chord provide?
-Does it have a cranium
-Does it possess expanded organs.?

Back 25

notochord replaced by spinal column
The hollow dorsal nerve cord is the nervous system and fluids
The head (the craniates)
More evolved endoskeleton
Modified and specialized internal organs (liver, kidneys, endocrine glands expanded

Front 26

Class Myxni
-Which phylum
-Commonly known as what?
-What is unique about their notochord

Back 26

Agnathans
Commonly known as hagfishes
-Jawless
-Produces large amount of slime as a defense
-Notochord largely cartiliginous
-Not true vertebrate, but chordate.

Front 27

Class Petromyzontide
-What do they feed on?

Back 27

Phylum Agnathans
Known as Lampreys
-Feed on tissues of living fishes, as some are parasitic
-Notochord is unsegmented
-Basal vertebrates.

Front 28

Class Placodermi
-This marks the evolution of which feeding device
-Are its appendages paired?
-What is unfortunate about this class?
-What was their armor utilized for?

Back 28

-This marks the evolution of jaws
-Armored heads for protection against much larger organisms
-All extinct.

Front 29

Class Chondrichthyes
-Do they possess more cartiligous tissue than other fish?
-Lack a certain type of bladder that assists with buyoncy, but instead have an oily _____ and ______

Back 29

-Possess more cartiligious fishes
-Lack swim bladder but possess large oily liver that assists with buyoncy and reduced weight from skeleton.
-Fusiform body shape.

Front 30

Osteichthyan Fishes (Bony)
Phylum Vertebrates
Class Actinoptergyii

Back 30

Known as the rayfinned fishes (bony fishes)
Mos tdiverse of all vertebretes
Provides significant amount of food for humans

Front 31

Osteichthyan Fishes (Bony)
Phylum Vertebrates
Class Sacroptergii
Known as what?
Where are the lobes ?
Includes which species?
Gave rise to which phylum?

Back 31

Known as the Lobe fishes
Lobes at the base of the fins supported by muscle and bone
Includes the Coelanth and lungifhs (lungs and gills for respirations)
Gave rise to tetraprods.

Front 32

The Tetrapod Classes
Amphibia
-Their appeneges can do what?
-How do they regulate their body temperature
-How do they breath?
-

Back 32

Frogs, toads, salamanders, caecillians
Is Poikilothermic, which means an organism whose internal temperature varies considerably. It is the opposite of a homeotherm, an organism which maintains thermal homeostasis.
-Walking Legs
-Moist skin
--Lungs, derived from swim bladder
Throat (buccal) breathing, and cutuneous breathing
-Most species amphibious

Front 33

Tetrapod
Class Reptilia
-Possess the same type of temperature regulation as the amphibians, but is relative to what?
-Covered with?
-What is unique about its egg
-Where does the breathing take place?

Back 33

-Poikilothermy but behavioral thermoregulation
-Thoracic breathing, instead of buccal or cutaneous
-Amnoitic egg contains it's own water. Internal sac called the Amnion

Front 34

Tetrapods
Phylum Verbreta
Class Aves

Back 34

Birds
Feathers
Flight skeleton (hollow bones)
Loss of organs (ovaries, ext. penis)
Toothless
Endothermy and homeothermy
Endothermy is the ability of some creatures to control their body temperatures through internal means such as muscle shivering or fat burning

Homoeothermy is thermoregulation that maintains a stable internal body temperature regardless of external influence.

Front 35

Class Mammalia

Back 35

Mammary glands
Hair
Endothermy and Homethermy
Monotremes egg layers
Placentia bearing.