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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T2L7
What are the characteristics of Mycobacterium? |
ArF (Acid Fast rods)
Mycolic Acid wall Aerobic Non spore forming Rich in lipid content |
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T2L7
What are the three types of genera of mycobacterium based on? |
Slow growers
Rapid growers Special growth |
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T2L7
What is the treatment for TB? |
Multiple drug treatment
-Rifampin -Ethambutol -Isoniazid |
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T2L7
What does Rifampin do? |
Inhibits RNA synthesis
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T2L7
What does Ethambutol do? |
Inhibits mycolic acid syntheis
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T2L7
What does Isonazid do? |
Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
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T2L7
What are the two strains of drug resistant TB |
MDR-TB Multidrug resistant (resistant to isoniazid and rifampin)
XDR-TB Extensively drug resistant (resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, fluroquinolone & kanamycin) |
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T2L7
What is the BCG vaccine? |
TB vaccine - m.bovis derived
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T2L7
What are the two laboratory methods for diagnosis? |
Lowenstein Jensen Slant
Sputum Sample |
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T2L10
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) |
Travelers Diarrhea
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T2L10
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) |
Infantile Diarrhea
Lesions Nosocomial |
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T2L10
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) |
Dysentary like Diarrhea
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T2L10
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) |
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Diarrhea
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T2L10
Entereoaggregative E. coli (EAEC) |
Watery Diarrhea/ resemble ST toxin
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T2L10
Diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) |
Watery diarrhea without blood or fecal
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T2L7
Group 1 Runyan Mycobact What is it? Example |
Photochromogens
M.kansasii |
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T2L7
Group 2 What is it? Runyan Mycobact Example |
Scotochromogens
M.scrofulaceum |
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T2L7
Group 3 Runyan Mycobact What is it? Example |
Nonphotochromogens
M.avium-intracellulare |
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T2L7
Group 4 Runyan Mycobact What is it? Example |
Rapid Growers
M. fortuitum-chelonae |
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T2L7
How do you ID Mycobact 9 Ways |
AF
Pigmentation Niacin Nitrate Tween Catalase Urease Lowenstein Jensen Sputum |
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T2L7
Explain the primary and secondary tuberculosis |
Inhalation of the strain (lungs)
Exudative lesion T cell mediated response hypersensitivity Phagocytosis via macrophages transported to lymph nodes Macrophages are unable to destroy Multiples and spreads through the blood and other parts of the lung. RESULT: Ghon complex: calcified scar in lung and lymph node (exudative lesion and the lymph nodes it drains) |
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T2L7
Explain the leprotamous leprosy |
CMI is impaired
Large numbers of the organisms appear in the macrophages Insensitive to Lepromin Proliferates within the macrophages (foam cells) at the entry site. The organism also grows in the epithelial tissues of the face and ear lobes. Suppressor T cells are numerous Epitheloid rare/absent Giant cells rare or absent |
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T2L7
Explain the tuberculoid leprosy |
CMI develops and remains vigorous
Absence of M.leprae recovered within lesions Reactivity to Lepromin Proliferates within skin and nerve cells Produces T helper lymphocytes Epitheloid cell presence Giant cell pressence |
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T2L7
Explain the secondary tuberculosis |
Re-infected/reactivate dormant disease
Granulomas in the lungs Possible lungs/kidneys Granulomas fail to contain spreading Caesous necrosis and cavities rupture into blood vessels |
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T2L7
What are the symptoms for tuberculosis |
Weight loss
Fatigue Low grade fever Chronic cough Purulent sputum Night sweats |
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T2L7
What are the symptoms for leprosy |
Key clinical are the macule (spot) at the cutaneous entry
Loss of pain sensation thickening of looser skin parts of the lips, forehead and ears. Classic lion face is typical Skin hangs May cause severe body damage resulting in the loss of bones, fingers and toes. Numbness is extensive Weakening of muscle groups “Drop Foot” |
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T2L9
What is an endotoxin? |
Complex pharmacologically active lipopolysaccharide that is part of the Gram negative cell wall.
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T2L9
What are the general characteristics of the family Enterobacteriaceae? |
GnR
Catalase POS Oxidase NEG NO3-->NO2 |
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T2L9
What are the symptoms of endotoxic shock? |
fever
leucopenia capillary hemorrhage hypotension circulatory collapse |
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T2L9
Tribe I |
Eschericheae
-Escherichia -Shigella |
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T2L9
Tribe II |
Edwardsielleae
-Edwardsiella |
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T2L9
Tribe III |
Salmonelleae
-Salmonella |
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T2L9
Tribe IV |
Citrobactereae
-Citrobacter |
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T2L9
Tribe V |
Klebsielleae
-Klebsiella -Raoultella -Enterobacter -Hafinia -Pantoea -Serratia |
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T2L9
Tribe VI |
Proteeae
-Proteus -Morganella -Providencia |
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T2L9
Tribe VII |
Yersinieae
-Yersinia |
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T2L9
Tribe VIII |
Ervinieae
-Erwinia |
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T2L9
Vogues Prosgauer |
Butanediol
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Eosin Methylene Blue
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Lactose and Sucrose
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Klinger Iron Agar
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Lactose and Glucose
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Triple Sugar Iron Agar
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GLC, LAC, SUC ferm
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ONPG
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LAC Ferm
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In KIA or TSA what does K mean?
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Alkaline, so that means that there is no fermentation
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For KIA which sugar is which for the slant or the butt?
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GLC - butt
LAC - slant |
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What is the ratio of lactose to glucose for KIA
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10:1
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Sodium sellenite INH what enterobaceriaceae
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E coli
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Crystal violent is what type of organic dye (functional group)
What does it do? |
analine based dyes
INH Gp Bact |
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Niacin Positve
Acid Fast Nitrate Positve Lipase Negative Catalase Negative Urease Positive |
m tuberculosis
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Catalase Positve
Acid Fast Group 1 Niacin Negative Nitrate Positve Lipase Positve Light - Yellow Dark - Buff Urease Positive |
m kansasii
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Light - Yellow
Dark - Yellow Acid Fast Group 2 Niacin Negative Nitrate Negative Lipase Negative Catalase Positve Urease Positive |
m scrofulaceum
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Urease - Negative
Acid Fast Group 3 Niacin Negative Nitrate Negative Lipase Negative Catalase Negative Light - Buff Dark - Buff-Yellow |
m avium-intracellulare
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Light - Buff
Dark - Buff Acid Fast Group 2 Niacin Negative Nitrate Positve Lipase Variable Catalase Positve Urease - Positive |
m fortuitum
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What are the components of an endotoxin?
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Outer Variable carbohydrate portion
Middle polysaccharide Lipid moiety: Lipid A |
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What bacteria have ENDOTOXINS?
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Gram negative
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What are the antigenic characterizations
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Flagellar (H)
Capsular (K) Somatic (O) |
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Which antigen becomes Vi antigen for Salmonella
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Capsular antigens (K)
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In the lac operon what does the Repressor do?
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binds to operator
prevents gene expression |
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In the lac operon what does the Inducer do?
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binds to repressor
inactivates the represssor --> gene expression |
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What are the characteristics of the FAMILY enterobacteriaceae?
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GnR
Catalase POS Oxidase NEG Nitrate Reductase POS |
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Methyl Red
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GLC Fermentation
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Vogues Proskauer
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GLC Fermentation
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MAC Agar
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Lactose
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Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
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Lactose and Sucrose
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Hectoen Agar
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Lactose
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Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate
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Lactose, Sucrose, Xylose
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What the thre two ENZ required in the LAC fermentation?
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beta galactosidase
beta galactoside permease |
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What are the primary isolation media for Enterics
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Blood agar (NS)
MAC (S&D) EMB (S&D) |
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Which tribe undergoes the butanediol fermetation pathway?
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Tribe V Klebsiellaeae
K,R,E,H,P,S |
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What is the ratio of acid:neutral and CO2:H2 in butanediol fermentation
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A 1:6 N
C 5:1 H |
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What is the ratio of acid:neutral and CO2:H2 in mixed acid fermentation
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A 4:1 N
C 1:1 H |
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4 results of KIA
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KK - no ferm
KA - GLC ferm no LAC ferm KA w/ H2S AA - GLC and LAC ferm |
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KIA what is the slant and butt related to which sugar
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LAC - slant
GLC - butt |
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KIA what is acidic color
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Yellow
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KIA what is alkalinic color
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Red
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AA Tests
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Indole
AA Decarb -Lys -Arg -Orth PHE Deaminase |
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What are the results of MAC
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Red = str LAC ferm
Pink = weak LAC ferm Colorless = nLAC ferm |
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What are the results for EMB
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Green = str LAC ferm
Purple = weak LAC ferm |
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What are the results for MeRed
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Red = GLC ferm
Yellow = nGLC ferm |
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What are the results for VP
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Red = Acetoin production
Yellow = nAcetoin production |
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What are the results for HE
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Oragne/Pink = LAC ferm
BlueGreenBlack Cent = Salmonella nLAC ferm Green = Shigella nLAC ferm |
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What are the results for XLD
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Red = nLAC ferm
Yellow = LAC ferm |
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What are the results for Indole
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Red = Indole
Yellow = nIndole |
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What are the results for Citrate
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Blue = citrate
Green = nCitrate |
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What are the results for Urease
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Pink = Urease
Orange/Yellow = nUrease |
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What are the results for AA decarb
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Purple = AA decarb
Yellow = nAA decarb |
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What are the results for PHEdeam
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Green - PHE deamination
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S dysentarieae
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Manitol NEG
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S flexneri
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Raffinose DELAYED
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S sonnei
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Indole NEG
Ornithine Decarboxylase POS ONPG POS |
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Group A Shigella
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S dysenteriae
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Group B Shigella
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S flexneri
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Group C Shigella
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S boydii
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Group D Shigella
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S sonnei
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Escherichia's chars?
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Gas from glucose +
KIA A/A Motile peritrichious flagella Facultatively anaerobic Citrate - H2S - Indole + VP – Urease – Lysine + Ornithine decarb + |
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Shigella Chars
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CAT +
OXI - NM K/A no H2S LAC neg -ONPG/MAC/EMB MR POS VP NEG |
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Shigella VF
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Exotoxin (Shiga)
Invasins |
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Shigella Disease
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Shigelosis/Bacillary Dysentary
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S. boydii
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NORMAL out of 4 shiga
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E coli treatment
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UTI
-sulfonamides and ampicilin Sepsis -gentamicin Neonatal meningitis -ampicillin and gentamicin Diarrheal Diseases -trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole NO Treatment for O157H7 |
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Watery diarrhea
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ETEC - travelers
EAEC - stacked bricks DAEC - diffuse Shigellosis |
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Bloody diarrhea
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Dysentery-like (mucous and wbc) - EIEC
Hemolytic Uremic - EHEC Shigellosis |
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Infant diarrhea
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Infatine diarrhea - EPEC
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Mucous diarrhea
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Dysentery-like (mucous and wbc) - EIEC
Infantile - EPEC Shigellosis |
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WBC diarrhea
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Dysentery-like (mucous and wbc) - EIEC
Shigellosis |
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Mild Shigellosis
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S. sonnei
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Severe Shigellosis
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S. dysenteriae
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5F's
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Fingers
Flies Food Formites Feces |
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Bacteriophages and E coli virotypes
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EHEC - hemolytic uremic
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invading E coli virotype
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EIEC - dysentery-like
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lesions and E coli virotype
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EPEC - infantile
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do not invade E coli virotype
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ETEC - travelers
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adherence like stacked bricks E coli virotype
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EAEC
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adherence like diffuse pattern E coli virotype
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DAEC
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Shiga-like toxin and E coli virotype
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EHEC - Hemolytic uremic
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LT and ST enterotoxins
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ETEC - Tavelers
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Shigella chars
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KA
Me+ REST NEGATIVE aside form ent chars |
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Salmonella chars
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KA
Citrate Pos |
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Klebsiella chars
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AA
VP Citrate Pos |
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Motile species
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Protea
Salmonella Escherichia |
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Seratia chars
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KA
VP + ONPG, MAC, MEB + |
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Citrobacter chars
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KA
MR + ONPG, MAC, MEB + |
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H2S producers
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Citrobacter, Proteus, Salmonella
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Proteus chars
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KA
PHE decarbox + |
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Pseudomonas chars
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KK
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K. pneumoniae
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IND -
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PHE deaminase +
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Proteus
Morganella Providencia |
