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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is regulation of glycolytic enzymes?
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GLUCOKINASE
-->ACTIVATED by: insulin PFK-1 -->ACTIVATED by: F-2,6-bisp, AMP -->INHIBITED by: citrate, ATP, H Pyruvate Kinase -->ACTIVATED by: F-1,6-Bisp, dephosphorylation (LIVER PK) -->INHIBITED by: ATP, Alanine, phosphorylation (LIVER PK) |
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How many ATP's is made in aerobic glycolysis? Anaerobic?
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Anaerobic-->makes 2!
Aerobic-->lots more ATP made! |
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Which steps in glycolysis make ATP?
Which make NADH? |
the ENERGY YIELDING steps--the middle enzymes!
Phosphoglycerate kinase-->makes ATP Pyruvate Kinase-->makes ATP G-3-P DH-->makes NADH |
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What is regulation of PDH?
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PDH
-->INHIBITED by: NADH, Acetyl CoA, phosphorylation (by kinase) -->ACTIVATED by: Ca, insulin, epinephrine (MUSCLE), dephosphorylation (by phosphatase) -->PDH kinase/phosphatase are activated/inhibited by the same things as PDH |
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What is regulation of TCA cycle enzymes?
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Isocitrate DH
-->ACTIVATED by: ATP -->INHIBITED by: ADP a-Ketoglutarate DH -->ACTIVATED by: Ca -->INHIBITED by: NADH, GTP, Succinyl CoA |
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Which steps in TCA make GTP? Which make NADH? FADH?
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Succinyl CoA synthetase-->makes GTP
Isocitrate DH-->makes NADH a-ketoglutarate DH-->makes NADH Malate DH-->makes NADH succinate DH-->makes FADH |
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If you inhibit complex II in ETC, can you still make ATP?
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YES--electrons can come in thru Complex I-->complex III
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What is regulation of glycogenolysis?
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Phosphorylase Kinase
ACTIVATED by: phosphorylation (glucagon/epi), Ca INHIBITED by: dephosphorylation (phosphoprotein phosphatase) Glycogen phosphorylase ACTIVATED by: phosphorylation (glycogen phosphorylase), AMP INHIBITED by: dephosphorylation (phosphoprotein phosphatase), GLUCOSE, ATP |
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What is regulation of glycogenesis?
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Glycogen synthase
ACTIVATED by: dephosphorylation (phosphoprotein phosphatase), G-6-P INHIBITED by: Ca (binds calmodulin kinase-->phosphorylates) phosphorylation (glucagon, epi) |
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What is regulation of PPP?
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G6PHD
-->ACTIVATED by: insulin |
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What is regulation of gluconeogenesis?
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-->requires 6 ATP!
PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE ACTIVATED by: Acetyl CoA (for biotin cofactor) INHIBITED by: ADP PEPCK ACTIVATED by: glucagon, cortisol (promotor binds-->activates PEPCK transcription), ADP INHIBITED by: insulin (binds promotor-->inhibits transcription), ADP FRUCTOSE-1,6-Bisphosphatase ACTIVATED by: Citrate INHBITED by: F-2,6-BisP, AMP G-6-Pase -->ACTIVATED by: glucagon, epi -->INHIBITED by: insulin |
