Design Unit

Front 1

measurement

Back 1

process of determining size, amount, or extent of somethin

Front 2

customary system

Back 2

length-inches
weight-pound
volume-quart
temperature-fahrenheit

Front 3

ounces

Back 3

8 _____________= 1 cup
2 cups=1 pint (16 ___________)
2 pints= 1 quart (32 _________)
4 quarts= 1 gallon (128 _______)

Front 4

fahrenheit

Back 4

freezing point of water: 32 degrees
boiling point of water: 212
180 degrees between boiling and freezing and boiling points

Front 5

metric prefixes

Back 5

"There is a logical progression from smaller units to larger ones, since all sizes of unite are based on ten."

Front 6

base units

Back 6

length= meter
weight= gram
volume= liter or meter
temperature= degrees celcius

Front 7

x1000

Back 7

kilo

Front 8

x100

Back 8

hecta

Front 9

x10

Back 9

decka

Front 10

x.1

Back 10

deci

Front 11

x.01

Back 11

centi

Front 12

x.001

Back 12

milli

Front 13

mnemoic device to remember prefixes

Back 13

King Henry Drank My Diet Coke Monday

Front 14

celcius

Back 14

freezing point of water: 0 degrees
boiling point of water: 100 degrees
100 degrees b/w boiling and freezing points

Front 15

rules and scales

Back 15

measure length, width, and thickness

Front 16

rules and scales

Back 16

mechanical rule and scale

Front 17

rules and scales

Back 17

drafter, archeitect, and machinist's rule/scale

Front 18

rules and scales

Back 18

metric rule

Front 19

calipers

Back 19

measure diameters and length on either inside or outside of object

Front 20

micrometer

Back 20

very precise tools for measuring length, thickness, or diameter of small objects

Front 21

squares

Back 21

measure or lay out perpendicular lines

t-square, framing square, try square, center square, combination square

Front 22

protractors

Back 22

measure length and angle measures along straing edge

Front 23

weight scales

Back 23

measure weight or mass; sensitive scientific scales; analog or digital; maual or electronic

Front 24

calibrated containers

Back 24

measure volume; measure ingredients for recipes; measuring spoons, measuring cups; beakers; Earlimyer flasks, etc

Front 25

close

Back 25

many production settings don't require close measurements; length of house, width of playing field don't need to be correct

Front 26

fraction; inch

Back 26

if product is within a _______ of an _____, it'll work fine

this is when customary is used most

Front 27

very important

Back 27

material being measure is _____ ________. (ex. wood changes in size with changes in moisture content and humidity)

Front 28

1/32 inch; one mm

Back 28

measuring closer than _____ _______ or ___ _______ aren't useful measurements. wood can change more than that in 1 day

Front 29

customary

Back 29

common in cabinent and furniture and printing companies

Front 30

printing industry's own system

Back 30

based on pica (1/6 inch) and pom (1/72 inch)

Front 31

precision

Back 31

used for smaller, more precise things; eatch parts and engine pistons would be useless if varied by more than 1/32 inch

Front 32

direct reading meausrement tools

Back 32

three common uses- linear dimensions, diameters, and angles

can be measured using standard precision devises

Front 33

linear measurement

Back 33

ruler

most common divisions are 1/10 inch

metric rule divided into mm

flexible rules are often called tape rules

Front 34

diameters

Back 34

precise ______ can be measured by placing a part between anvil and spindle of micrometer and reading measurement on barrel

Front 35

angles

Back 35

legs of table are perpendicular

squares used to mark ________

head placed against surface of material; blade allowed to rest on adjacent surface; to be square, no gaps anywhere

Front 36

indirect reading measuring tools; quality control

Back 36

many modern measuring systems, humans no longer take measuremts; sensors gather measurement data, processed by computers or other automatic devices

measurement can be used to compare the present condition with a desired contition; process of setting stards measuring features, comparing them to standars, and corrective actions is called

Front 37

tools

Back 37

describes distance, mass, time, temperature, number of particles, electrical current, and light intensity

Front 38

drafting

Back 38

process of accurately representing 3-d objects and structures on 2-d surface. this accurate drawing proceeess is used for nearly every productor sturcture made today

Front 39

rough sketches

Back 39

are the most common recording method. the term "rough" describes the state of the design ideas. It suggests that the designes are incomlete and unrefined

Front 40

skteching

Back 40

way of drawing out ideas

Front 41

refined sketches

Back 41

refined design ideas. They may not look anything like the irginal rough sketeches. communicate shape and proportion. can come from 2 or more sketchs. Don not communicate size

Front 42

detailed sketches

Back 42

communicate size, in addition to the shape and proportion communicated in the first two drawings. It also communicates the information needed to build a model of the product or structure

Front 43

different techniques

Back 43

____________ ______________ are used to show the artifact as the human eye would see it. Therefore, a single view is used to show how the front, sides, and top would appear

Front 44

oblique sketchs

Back 44

easiest pictorial sketches to produce; show front view as if you were looking straght at it; sides extend back from the front view

Front 45

oblique sketchs

Back 45

sides shown with parallel lines that are generally drawn at 45 degrees to show the front view

Front 46

cavalier oblique drawings

Back 46

cause the sides and top to look deeper than they are. actual

Front 47

cabinent oblique drawings

Back 47

shorten the lines that project back from the front ot one-half their original length

Front 48

isometric

Back 48

equal measure

Front 49

angles

Back 49

formed by the lines at the upper right corner are equat to 120 degrees

Front 50

object

Back 50

is shown as if viewed from one corner (isometric)

Front 51

perspective sketchs

Back 51

most realistic, yet, most difficult of the three sketchs

Front 52

perspective sketches

Back 52

show how the human eye and camera would see it

Front 53

perspective sketches

Back 53

realism is obtained by having parallel lines meet at a distance vantage point

Front 54

types of perspective views

Back 54

one point, two point, and three point

Front 55

one point persepective

Back 55

shows an object as if you were directly in front of it. horizon line

Front 56

two point perspective

Back 56

shows how an object would appear if you stood at one corner

Front 57

three point perspective

Back 57

shows how the eye sees the length, width, and height of an object

Front 58

multi view method

Back 58

places one or more views of the object in one drawing

Front 59

multi view method

Back 59

in this method, generally a top right and end view are shown

Front 60

multi view drawings

Back 60

use orthographic projection to project information at the right anglesw to new views

Front 61

detail drawings

Back 61

front view is drawn in the lower left quadrant of the paper

Front 62

projection lines

Back 62

extended to the top and right of a front view to form the top and side views

Front 63

different lines

Back 63

used to show the outlines and major details on an object

Front 64

object lines

Back 64

darkest lines which show the outlines and major details

Front 65

hidden lines

Back 65

dotted lines used to show outlines which are not visible in a certain view

Front 66

extension lines

Back 66

used in dimensioning, indicate the points from which the measurements are taken

Front 67

center lines

Back 67

locate holes in a part. these lines pass through the center of the hole

Front 68

dimension lines

Back 68

have arrows apointing to the extension lines that indicate the range of the dimension. between the extension lines

Front 69

orthographic projection

Back 69

top and side views are projected up to the right of the front view

Front 70

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Back 70

refers to process using computer and software to assist drafter in preparing mechanical or architectual drawings

Front 71

Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD)

Back 71

closely related to CAD. extra functions that simulate testing products, increase quality of work

Front 72

Advatages of CAD

Back 72

speed
quality
ease of modification
cost

Front 73

speed

Back 73

more drawings in time
lines are tidious
CAD- set endpoints and CAD does rest

Front 74

quality

Back 74

improved line quality, neatness, legibility, and accuracy
hard to achieve consistinent line quality
no smudging or smearing
computer is standard

Front 75

ease of modification

Back 75

common to need to revise
more modifications time consuming
drawings are saved in memory

Front 76

cost

Back 76

expensive at fitst, but you can save$$ in long run (tools, paper, pencils, etc.)

Front 77

3D

Back 77

programs store 3d database for each point of object

Front 78

greatly

Back 78

#d __________ affects ability to view and display veiws of object

Front 79

2d

Back 79

packages store data for x and y coordinates

Front 80

2.5d

Back 80

also store data points for x and y, also provide simplified 3D visualization for objects

Front 81

3d

Back 81

programs store data for x, y, and z, coordinates

Front 82

commands

Back 82

short words which, when entered, causes computer to perform some function

Front 83

entity

Back 83

objector text item created

Front 84

grids

Back 84

easily locate position on drawing

Front 85

grid dots

Back 85

dots on grid

Front 86

grid spacing

Back 86

most programs allow drafter to adjust spacing of dots

Front 87

snap grids (grid snaps)

Back 87

used to lock drawing curser to grid points as it is moved across screen. when ____ ______ is on, cursor moves from grid point to grid pont

Front 88

rotation

Back 88

used to rotate entity around base point

Front 89

handle point

Back 89

grabbing on corner of entity and dragging pont around base point

Front 90

zoom

Back 90

allows drafter to move in on a particular part, can view more details

Front 91

windows

Back 91

seperate display screen

Front 92

split screen

Back 92

allows you 2 work on two windows

Front 93

zoom screen

Back 93

different things at same time. zoom in on something

Front 94

cartesian coordinate system

Back 94

graphical point location; standard in CAd; precise positioning of entities on drawing surface

Front 95

coordinate pair

Back 95

position of point (x,y)

Front 96

absolute coordinates

Back 96

give position measured from origin of drawing. refr to precise locations

Front 97

relative coordinates

Back 97

refer to point measured from previous point

Front 98

design

Back 98

"___________ is regarded by many as the core problem solving process of technolical development"

Front 99

integration of technology

Back 99

"it is as fundamental to technology as inquiryis to science and reading is to language arts"

Front 100

balance

Back 100

determining visual weight of an object or image in either formal symmetry or informal symmetry

Front 101

principles of design

Back 101

include: balance, proportion, contrast, variety, harmony, unity, rhythm

Front 102

proportion

Back 102

distinguishing size relantionship of various parts of projector graphich as they relate to the finished product

Front 103

contrast

Back 103

establishing a point of emphasis to draw viewer's eye in an specific elements of graphic or product

Front 104

variety

Back 104

used to add elements of interest ot grpahich or product to gain interest in graphic or product

Front 105

harmony

Back 105

utilized to add rhythem and allow viewer to see items in agreeable manner

Front 106

unity

Back 106

refers to ability to make componets of a design have agreement with no elements out of place or seem as they don't belong together

Front 107

rhythm

Back 107

reoccurence or repetition within design that gives it the appearance that movement is taking place

Front 108

design

Back 108

process of :
interactive decision making
planning in production of products and systems
converting materials and resources
meeting human needs and wantes to solve problems

Front 109

design propsals

Back 109

" a written plan of action for solutions to a proposed problem

Front 110

designers

Back 110

driven to develop products that are creative through inventions and innovations that show resourcefulness

Front 111

human ability

Back 111

is distinguised as the ability to visualize and think abstractly along with considering several solutions for same problem

Front 112

elements of design

Back 112

line, shape, form, space, color, texture/shades

Front 113

development of products

Back 113

communications
transportation
manufactoring
biotechnology
construction
energy and power

Front 114

design factors

Back 114

safety
reliability
economic considerations
quality control
enviromental concerns
manufactorability
maintence/ repair
ergonomics

Front 115

potentinal hazards

Back 115

weigh benefits of design against _______________ ___________

Front 116

enviromentally conscious

Back 116

remember society is more _______________ ______ than ever before

Front 117

ultimate design goal

Back 117

Earth's our home, we must protect and preserve her for future generations

Front 118

design process

Back 118

effects these systems: communications, construction, energy and power, and biotechnology

Front 119

safety

Back 119

comply with codes and regulations go as to provide safe operation of products by the developer and consumer

Front 120

reliability and functionality

Back 120

process of product working properly, utilizing proper meterials within developement constraints

Front 121

economic considerations

Back 121

developement of jobs and products for the marketplace for individuals to purchase and pay tax on

Front 122

quality control

Back 122

requires information

Front 123

feedback

Back 123

related to measurement tolerances and specifications to assure proper production of products

Front 124

enviromental concerns

Back 124

developing produced in harmony with our enrivorment and recyclable

Front 125

manufacturability

Back 125

ability of product to be produced through feasible means and meet a need using available materials and resources

Front 126

maitnenance/ repair

Back 126

products produced with the intention of long life and low maintenance along with simple field replacement units

Front 127

ergonomics

Back 127

study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design devices, amachines, or work space so that people and things interact safely and must efficiently

Front 128

communications

Back 128

wireless systems utilize Internet and advances in satelites present future not yet imagined

Front 129

manufactoring

Back 129

CAD/CAM control tech and use of robots of enhancements everyday

Front 130

transportation

Back 130

magnetic levitation systems and automatic guided vehicles move products and people daily

Front 131

structual

Back 131

cities and communities on Earh along with new developem ent of International Space Station

Front 132

Energy and Power

Back 132

solar, wind, hydroelectric energies are present examples of only few sources thar are enviromentally conscious

Front 133

biotechnology

Back 133

genetic engineering related to agriculture, enviromental concerns and medical advances

Front 134

2 non computer generated items

Back 134

design and production of graphic arts typcially begins with ________________

Front 135

thumbnail sketches

Back 135

generally show choices for possible page layouts

Front 136

rough or mechanaical sketchs

Back 136

shows dimensions, size and locations of all elements, text, and images on page

Front 137

more often then in past

Back 137

_______ ________ ___designers aren't physically pasting elements onto camera ready copy of design. Instead, most of this so called paste up is done soley on computer.

Front 138

computers

Back 138

_____________ also used in generating film and printing plates without use of process cameras

Front 139

typical software

Back 139

_________ __________ that is involved in graphic design or pre-dress process includes PageMaker, and QuarkExpress

Front 140

PhotoShop

Back 140

color sperations and other digital photgraphic processes are acomplished wit hsoftware like ___________

Front 141

rule of thirds

Back 141

for composition of landscape and other non-portarait phographs, generally ________________ is followed

Front 142

2/3 1/3

Back 142

means that photograph is composed of _____ sky and ______ ground or vise versa depending on what is most interesting

Front 143

rule of thirds

Back 143

states that you should put subject of 4 intersection points, slightely off center

Front 144

headspace

Back 144

often leave too much ______ and shoot from too far away when composing interest shots.

Front 145

lead space

Back 145

______ ________ should also be included if subject is facing certain direction or is moving in particular direction

Front 146

portraits

Back 146

_______ should be shot up close w/o too much headspace

Front 147

story board

Back 147

helps people visualize each shot with regard to lighting requirements, sound, dialog, etc. Planning shoots depends on requirements that are specifided in storyboard