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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is hydrogen prepared?
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1) Reduction of Water
Ex: C + H2O --> CO +H2 2) Electrolysis 2H2O --> 2H2 + O2 3) Rxn of metals with acid Zn + 2H+ --> Zn+2 + H2 |
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What are the uses of hydrogen?
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manufacture ammonia
petroleum refining converting polyunsaturated oils to saturated shortening synthesis of methanol fuel cell |
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He is the only substance that…
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Remains a liquid until 0 K
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He is found in…
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Soil deposits due to radioactive decay
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What do He, Ne, and Ar have in common
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They are inert and non reactive gases found in the air
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What are uses of He, Ne, and Ar
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Preparation of semiconductors
He/O mixture for deep sea divers Cryogenics (making things very cold) Superconductivity He used in balloons |
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Alkali Metals are
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Are in group one and have a plus one charge
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What are the properties of Li, Na, and K
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They are found in salt water
Found in minerals So reactive that they are always found in compound form Flame test for Li is Red, Na is yellow, K is purple |
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How are the Alkali Metals prepared?
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Reduction by electrolysis
Ex: 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 Use Sodium to reduce ions of another alkali metal Ex: KCl + Na NaCl + K |
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Reaction of an Alkali Metal with Water
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2M + H2O 2M+ + OH- + H2q
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Reaction of Halogens with Alkali Metal
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2M + X2 2MX
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Reaction of Oxygen with Alkali Metal
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2M + ½ O2 M2O
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Reaction with Nitrogen with Alkali Metal
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M + N2 Li3N
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What are uses for the alkali metals?
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Li is added to metal alloys for strength
Alloyed with silver for brazing Source of Tritiumfor Fusion Reactors Na is a heat transfer medium in breeder nuclear reactors Lamps |
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Properties of Be, Mg, and Ca (alkaline earth metals)
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Unreactive toward air and H2O
Found in Minerals Reactive |
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How are Be, Mg, and Ca prepared?
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Reduction of salts through electrolysis
MX2 M + X2 |
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Reaction of Alkaline Earth Metal with Water
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M + water metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
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Reaction of Alkaline Earth Metal with a halogen
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M + halogen MX2
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Reaction of Alkaline Earth Metal with oxygen
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M + oxygen metal oxide
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Reaction of Alkaline Earth Metal with nitrogen
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M + nitrogen M3N2
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What are the uses of Be, Mg, and Ca
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Be is alloyed with Cu for springs, clips, and electrical contacts
Also used for windows and xray tubes Mg is the lowest density structural metal used in aircraft parts Ca used as a reducing agent in preparation of other metals |
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Chemical properties of B, Al
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Bonding is mostly covalent
Found as minerals B is not a very important molecule |
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Al and an acid
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2Al + 6H+ 2Al + 3H2
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Al and base
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2Al + 2OH- + 6H2O 2Al(OH)4- +3H2
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Thermite Reaction
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Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe
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Uses for Aluminum
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Low density metal that is alloyed with other metals to increase their strength
Airplanes Electrical conductors Cans, pots, pans |
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Chemical properties of Carbon
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In its solid form, it exists in two allotropes (graphite and diamond)
Graphite is most stable under STD |
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Uses for Graphite
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Lubricant
Electrodes Furnaces Composites Pencils |
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Uses for Diamond Carbon
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Jewelry
Industrial abrasive Drill bits, saws |
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Chemical properties of Silicon
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Key element to mineral world
Semi conductor Typically found as sand SiO2 |
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Uses for Silicon
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Glass, computers, and solar cells
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Chemical Properties of Nitrogen
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Diatomic nitrogen is stable because of triple bond
Found naturally in the aid |
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Haber Process
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N2 + 3H2 2NH3
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Uses for Nitrogen
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Fertilizer, and cryogenics
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White Phosphorus
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P4 that ignites in the air
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Red Phosphorus
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Long chains of P that are less reactive
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Black Phosphorus
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Layered crystalline structure that is a good semiconductor
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What are the Uses of P
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Insecticides
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What are the chemical properties of Oxygen
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Reactive, ionic bonds w/ metals, and covalent with non-metals
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What are the properties of ozone
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In smog and upper atmosphere
Absorb harmful UV light Depleted by CFCs |
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Peroxide
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O2 -2
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Superoxide
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O2 –
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Chemical Properties of Sulfur
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Forms man allotropes (rhombic is most stable)
Found in Earth’s crust as element S |
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Use of Sulfur
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Making sulfuric acid
Rubber manufacture Fertilizer, pesticide Acid rain |
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What is the preparation of F and Cl
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Electrolysis
Ex: 2Cl- + 2H2O 2OH- + H2 + Cl2 |
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What are the uses of F and Cl?
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F separation of U-235 and U-238
Production of SF6 (used in high voltage equipment) Cl production of organic compounds Bleach and paper textile Treatment of water |
