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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dermatologic situations can be...
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localized, self treatable
underlying systemic problems adverse drug reactions |
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as a pharmacist we need to:
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assess
recognize know when to refer |
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when to refer?
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when they can't self treat
diabetic or immunocompromised tried everything and it doesn't work duration you can't diagnose it |
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when examining the skin:
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Well-lit, private area
Tools: centimeter ruler, gloves, magnifying glass Visually inspect color and uniform appearance, thickness, symmetry, hygiene and presence of lesions Palpate moisture, temperature, texture, turgor and mobility |
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what is turgor?
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testing for dehydration. you can pinch the skin on the back of the hand and if it doesn't go back down, there is possible dehydration
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describing skin lesions
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Characteristics
Size, shape, color, texture, elevation/depression Presence of exudate Color, odor, amount, consistency Configuration Annular, grouped, linear, arciform, diffuse Location and distribution Generalized/localized, body region, pattern |
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primary lesions
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Physical alterations of the skin caused by pathologic process
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primary lesions
non-raised |
macule (change in surface color)
Flat, non-raised, colored lesion <0.5cm patch Macule with scale or fine wrinkles > 0.5cm vitiligo |
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primary lesions
raised |
Papule
Solid, elevated lesion <0.5cm wart, comedone(acne) Nodule: Solid, elevated lesion >0.5cm lipoma, fibroma Plaque: marginal depth >0.5cm psoriasis Wheal: Papule or plaque rising from edema caused by pruritus (itch) allergic reaction |
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primary lesions
fluid filled |
Vesicle:
Blister filled with clear fluid <0.5cm herpes, blister Bulla: Blister filled with clear liquid >0.5cm 2nd degree burn Pustule: Vesicle filled with purulent liquid comedone (acne), folliculitis, Cyst:Nodule containing semi-solid or liquid sebaceous cyst, |
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secondary lesions
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Result from changes in 1º lesions caused by external factors (scratching, infection)
Loss of Skin Build-up of Skin erosion ulcer fissure excoriation Build up of skin: lichenification scar crust scale |
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examples of secondary lesions
scale |
scale Dandruff - epidermal thickening
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crust
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scab
dried serum |
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fissure
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Athlete's foot- cracking
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erosion
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slight dip in skin
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ulcer
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loss of dermis or epidermis
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lichenification
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a thickening of the skin where there is a defined line
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scar
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a thickening of fibrous tissue
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epidermal atrophy
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thinning
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dermal atrophy
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thinning
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excoriation
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linear erosion
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pics of secondary lesion
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see slide #22
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lesion configuration pics
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see slide #23 and 24
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examining the hair
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Note hair loss, inflammation or scarring
Questions to ask (regarding alopecia): Gradual or sudden onset? Does it occur anywhere else? Family history? Recent illness, stress, trauma or new drugs? |
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common hair disorders:
androgenic alopecia |
male pattern baldness
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common hair disorders
Alopecia Areata |
localized areas of hair loss
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common hair disorders
Infective Alopecia |
(caused by tinea capitis)
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anatomy of the nail
pic on slide# 28 |
Nail plate: keratin
Nail bed: vascularized Nail matrix: site of growth Lanula: marks end of nail matrix Cuticle: layer of skin covering nail root |
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examining the nail
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Visually inspect nails
Observe color of nail beds, nail plate (smooth/pitted, ridges/flat) and nail base angle (should be 160°) Palpate the Nail Should feel hard and smooth with uniform thickness Squeeze nail to test for adherence of nail to bed |
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common nail disorders
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Nail Clubbing
(results from chronic low blood oxygen levels) Koilonchyia (spooning) (soft, scooped out nails, associated with iron deficiency anemia) Onychomycosis (fungal infection, nails thicken and become discolored) |
