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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dermatology
Definition: |
healthcare specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat integumentary diseases
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Word parts:
derm/o- integu/o- -ment |
derm = skin
integu = to cover -ment = action |
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Skin
Consists of two layers: |
The epidermis – thin outermost layer
The dermis – thick layer below the epidermis contains the arteries, veins, nerves, hair follicles |
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largest organ in human body?
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the skin, if laid flat it would cover about 2 billiard tables.
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Do identical twins have identical finger prints???
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no
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Skin is the first line of defense against disease.
how accomplished? |
Epidermis is dry and acidic discouraging growth of microorganisms. Sweat contains antibodies & enzymes that kill bacteria. Normal skin bacteria do not cause disease but inhibit growth of disease causing microorganisms by competing for space & nutrients
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Dermatomes
main idea: |
Each spinal nerve is responsible for sending sensory information from a specific region of the skin
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Subcutaneous Tissue
what is it? |
A loose, connective tissue directly beneath the dermis of the skin
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Subcutaneous Tissue
how composed? |
Composed of adipose tissue or fat that is made up of lipocytes (fat-storing cells)
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Subcutaneous Tissue
as insulation? |
Acts as a layer of insulation to conserve internal body heat
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Subcutaneous Tissue
can it vary in thickness? |
Can be thin or as thick as several inches in areas like the abdomen
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Sebaceous Glands
main idea? |
Are exocrine glands in the dermis that secrete sebum through a duct into a hair follicle
Also known as oil glands |
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word parts
Exo- Crine- |
Exo = away from
Crine = a thing that excretes |
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Anaphylaxis
main idea? |
a severe systemic allergic reaction that can be life threatening; it is also known as anaphylactic shock.
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word parts
Ana-: Phylact/o: -ic: |
ana = excessive
phylact/o = guarding or protecting -ic = pertaining to |
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Cyst
description, color, contents, example |
D- elevated circular mound
C- skin color of erytema Cont- semisolid or partly fluid filled E- Acne, sebaceous cyst |
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Fissure
description, color, contents, example |
D- small crack like crevice
C- Erythema Cont- none, some fluid exudate E- dry chapped skin |
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Macule
description, color, contents, example |
D- Flat circle
C- pigmented, brown or black Cont- none E- freckle, age spot |
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Papule
description, color, contents, example |
D- elevated
C- skin color or erythema Cont- solid E- acne pimple |
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Pustule
description, color, contents, example |
D- elevated
C- white top Cont- pus E- acne whitehead |
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Scale
description, color, contents, example |
D- flat to slightly elevated thin flake
C- white Cont- none E- dandruff, psoriasis |
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Vesicle
description, color, contents, example |
D- elevated with a pointed top
C- erythema, transparent top Cont- clear fluid E- herpes, chicken pox, shingles |
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Wheal
description, color, contents, example |
D- elevated with broad, flat top
C- erythema Cont- clear fluid E- insect bites, urticaria |
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Changes in skin color
Albinism |
white / disease process
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Changes in skin color
Cyanosis |
blue / abnormal condition
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Changes in skin color
Erythema |
condition of / redness
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Changes in skin color
Jaundice |
yellow / condition
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Changes in skin color
Melanocyte |
black / cell
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Changes in skin color
Pallor |
paleness
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Changes in skin color
Necrosis |
death of tissue / condition
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First degree burn
how deep does it extend? |
epidermis
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Second degree burn
how deep does it extend? |
epidermis and partial dermis
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Third degree burn
how deep does it extend? |
may include muscle
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Callus
how formed? |
from repitive rubbing
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Skin diseases
Hemorrhage |
excessive discharge of blood
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Skin diseases
Ecchymosis |
blood in the tissue, abn condition
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Skin diseases
Xeroderma |
dry skin
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Skin diseases
Diaphoresis |
sweating condition
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Skin diseases
Anhidrosis |
without sweating
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Hemangioma
definition? |
the bright red color comes from large number of dilated blood vessels. Most disappear before age 3
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Syndactyly
what is it? |
together, condition of fingers or toes
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Psoriasis
what is it? |
state of itching, autoimmune disease
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Onychomycosis
what is it? |
nail/ fungus/ condition
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Biopsy (Bx)
main idea? |
procedure to remove all or part of a skin lesion for the purposes of diagnosis
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Autograft
main idea |
self/ skin graft taken from another part of the patient's body
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Allograft
main idea |
other/ skin graft taken from a cadaver to temporarily protect the patient against infection and fluid loss
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Xenograft
main idea |
foreign/ skin graft (just dermis) taken from an animal (pig) to temporarily protect the patient against infection and fluid loss
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Synthetic skin graft
main idea |
uses a skin graft made from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
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Diseases of the Bones and Cartilage
5 specific |
Avascular necrosis
Bone tumor Chondroma – cartilage / tumor Chondromalacia patellae Fracture |
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Closed fracture
main idea? |
any type of fracture in which the bone does not break through the overlying skin
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open fracture
description: |
any type of fracture in which the bone breaks the overlying skin. also known as a Compound Fracture
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Nondisplaced Fracture
description: |
broken bone ends remain in their normal anatomical alignment
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Displaced Fracture
description: |
broken bone ends are pulled out of their normal anatomical alignment
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Colles' Fracture
description: |
distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
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Comminuted Fracture
description: |
bone is crushed into several pieces
comminut/o- break into minute pieced |
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Compression Fracture
description: |
vertebrae are compressed together after falling onto the buttocks or a vertebra collapses in on itself because of disease
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Depressed Fracture
description: |
cranium is fractured inwards towards the brain
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Greenstick Fracture
description: |
bone is broken on only one side. occurs most often in children as part of the bone is still composed of flexible cartilage
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Diseases of the Bones and Cartilage
Osteomalacia |
abnormal softening bones due to a deficiency of Vitamin D
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Diseases of the Bones and Cartilage
Osteomyelitis |
Infection in the bone and bone marrow
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Diseases of the Bones and Cartilage
Osteoporosis |
porous bone, deminieralization
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Diseases of the Vertebrae
Ankylosing spondylitis |
chronic inflammation that leads to restriction of movement
fused or stiff / a condition of doing vertebra / inflammation |
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Diseases of the Vertebrae
Kyphosis |
bent, humpbacked
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Diseases of the Vertebrae
Lordosis |
swayback
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Diseases of the Vertebrae
Scoliosis |
curved, crooked
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Diseases of the Vertebrae
Spondylolisthesis |
slipping
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Diseases of the Joints and Ligaments
Arthropathy |
disease of joint
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Diseases of the Joints and Ligaments
Gout |
metabolic disorder with excessive levels of uric acid in the blood
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Diseases of the Joints and Ligaments
3 others... |
Arthralgia
Dislocation Hemarthrosis |
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Rheumatoid arthritis
main idea |
watery discharge, resembling. Autoimmune disease
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Diseases of the Bones of the Legs and Feet
Genu varum |
bow legged
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Diseases of the Bones of the Legs and Feet
Genu valgum |
knocked kneed
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Diseases of the Bones of the Legs and Feet
Hallux valgus |
bunion, big toe angles towards little toe
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Diseases of the Bones of the Legs and Feet
Talipes equinovarus |
clubfoot, foot turns inward and down
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External Fixator
main idea |
a surgical treatment used to set bone fractures in which a cast would not allow proper alignment of the fracture
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Prosthesis
main idea |
artificial limb
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Surgical Procedures
Amputation |
procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma or circulatory disease
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Surgical Procedures
Arthrocentesis |
procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid in a joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space
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Surgical Procedures
Arthrodesis |
procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint
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Surgical Procedures
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) |
procedure to treat a complicated fracture using screws, nails, or plates to hold fracture fragments in alignment
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Acronyms
AKA AP ASIS |
Above the knee amputation
Antereoposterior Anterior Superior Iliac Spine |
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Acronyms
BKA BMD C1-C7 |
Below the knee amputation
Bone mineral density cervical vertebrae |
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Acronyms
Ca CDH DEXA/ DXA |
Calcium
Congenital dislocation of the hip Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
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Acronyms
DIP DJD ESWT |
Distal inerphalangeal (joint)
Degenerative joint disease Extracorporeal shock wave therapy |
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Acronyms
fib Fx L1-L5 |
fibula (slang)
fracture lumbar vertebrae |
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Acronyms
LLE LUE MCP |
Left lower extremity
Left upper extremity metacarpophalangeal (joint) |
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Acronyms
NSAID OA ortho |
Nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drug
osteoarthritis orthopedics (slang) |
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Acronyms
P PIP PT |
Phosphorus
Proximal interphalangeal (joint) physical therapy/ therapist |
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Acronyms
QCT RA RLE |
Quantitative computerized tomography
Rheumatoid arthritis Right lower extremity |
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Acronyms
ROM RUE S1 |
Range of motion
Right upper extremity first sacral vertebrae |
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Acronyms
T1-T12 THR tib |
thoracic vertebrae
total hip replacement tibia (slang) |
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Assessment Writing in SOAP notes
main ideas: |
Interprets the data in S: and O:
Clarifies the significance of data in S: and O: Supports the continuation of PT. Describes patient’s response to treatment as it relates to progress towards goals All comments must be supported in S: and O |
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Common Mistakes in A: of SOAP note
saying things like... |
Patient tolerated well...
Patient was cooperative and motivated (better to present this through specific examples) ALL SENTENCES MUST BE SUPPORTED BY S; and O: |
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In the Initial Evaluation
Key points... |
Short and Long term goals.
Expected functional outcome. Goals should include a specific action or performance, measurable data an time periods. |
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Plan
key points to consider... |
What will be done next session to progress towards a goal or address a subjective complaint. When the next session is scheduled. What consult may be planned. PT, MD, social worker, etc.. Any equipment that needs to be ordered for next visit. Number of visits until discharge.
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