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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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primary lesion
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may arise from previously normal skin
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secondary lesion
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results from changes in a primary lesion
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macule
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a flat, nonpalpable lesion measuring less than 10 mm
ex: freckle, petechia |
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patch
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same as a macule but larger (greater than 10mm)
ex: vitiligo |
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papule
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a solid, palpable lesion measuring less than 10mm
ex: elevated nevus (mole) |
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nodule
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same as a papule only larger than 10mm
ex: cyst tumor: a large nodule |
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plaque
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a flat elevated surface, sometimes formed by a coalescence of papules
ex: psoriasis |
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wheal
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a somewhat irregular, relatively transient, superficial area of localized skin edema
ex: hives, mosquito bite |
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vesicle
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circumscribed, elevated lesions containing serous fluid, measuring less than 5mm
ex: herpes simplex, herpes zoster |
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bulla
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a vesicle larger than 5mm
ex: 2nd degree burn |
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pustule
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filled with pus
ex: acne, impetigo |
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erosion
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loss of the superficial epidermis, surface is moist but does not bleed
ex: rupture of a vesicle in chicken pox |
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ulcer
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deeper loss of skin, may bleed and scar
ex: stasis ulcers, syphilitic chancre |
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fissure
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linear crack in the skin
ex: perioral fissure, athlete's foot |
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crust
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hard and rough surface formed by dried sebum, exudate, blood, or necrotic tissue
ex: impetigo |
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scale
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thin flake of exfoliated epidermis
ex: dandruff, psoriasis |
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lichenification
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thickening and roughening of the skin with increased visibility of the normal skin furrows
ex: atopic dermatitis |
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atrophy
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thinning of the skin with the loss of the normal skin furrows, skin looks shinier and more translucent
ex: arterial insufficiency |
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excoriation
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an abrasion or scratch mark, may be linear or rounded
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scar
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replacement of destroyed tissue with fibrous tissue
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keloid
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firm, hypertrophic mass of scar tissue that extends beyond the area of injury
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comedone
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the plugged opening of a sebaceous gland
ex: acne |
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telangiectasias
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dilated small vessels that look either red or bluish
ex: rosacea, spider veins |
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cyanosis
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bluish color
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carotenemia
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yellowish palm, not harmful, diet high in carrots and other yellow veggies/fruit
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jaundice
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skin diffusely yellow, due to accumulation of bilirubin (product of heme production), seen in the sclera of the eye (icterus)
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Cafe-Au-Lait spot
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uniformly pigmented macule or patch with mildly irregular border
less than 6=normal greater than 6=consider neurofibromatosis |
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vitiligo
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depigmented macule, may coalesce into extensive areas that lack melanin, may be hereditary
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tinea versicolor
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superficial fungus infection of the skin, hypopigmented scaly macules on the trunk, neck, and upper arms
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spider angioma
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may suggest liver disease, pregnancy, vitamin B deficiency, or may be normal
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cherry angioma
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normal, part of pregnancy, increase with time
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spider vein
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caused by pressure on superficial veins
ex: varicose veins |
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ecchymosis
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bruise
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petechia
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minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin of pinpoint to pinhead size, won't blanch
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purpura
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larger than petechia, dangerous, suggest bleeding disorder or meningitis
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A
B C D E |
Asymmetry
Border Color Diameter Evolution |
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Basal cell carcinoma
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-most common
-slow growing -locally invasive -translucent papule or nodule with a depressed center and rolled edges -telangiectatic vessels may be visible -caused by the sun (100%) |
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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-2nd most common
-grows slightly more quickly and more aggressively than a basal cell carcinoma -looks firmed, redder, sometimes more ulcerated -caused by the sun |
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malignant melanoma
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-most deadly skin cancer
-5th most common cancer in men -7th most common cancer in women -asymmetric, irregular border, diameter more than 6mm, and an elevated irregular surface |
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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-before 1980: rare malignant skin lesion, seen in older white male, rarely fatal
-now: occurs in a more aggressive form with AIDS/HIV |
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Actinic keratosis
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superficial flattened erythematous (red) papules covered by a dry scale
-may be round or irregular -pink or tan -in areas of sun exposure -can progress to squamous cell carcinoma -caused by sun exposure |
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seborrheic keratosis
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brown, raised, 'stuck on' lesions
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clubbing
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-the distal phalanx of each finger is rounded and bulbous
-the nail plate is more convex -the proximal nail fold when palpated feels spongy or floating -many causes include chronic hypoxia and lung cancer |
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onycholysis
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painless separation of the nail plate from the nail
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onychomycosis
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thickened yellow hypertrophic nail growth due to a fungal infection
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paroncyhia
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inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds
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Terry's nails
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mostly whitish with a distal band of reddish brown
-seen in aging, cirrhosis, CHF, diabetes |
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white spots (leukonychia)
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common cause is trauma
-causes: manicures, fake nails, picking |
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transverse white lines (Mees lines)
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uncommon lines opposite of the direction of the cuticle
-causes: acute or severe illness |
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Beau's lines
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transverse depressions in the nails associated with acute or severe illness
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