Dermatology

Front 1

Pruritis leading to lichenification

Back 1

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Front 2

Macule

Back 2

flat lesion that differs in color from surrounding skin and is less than 1 cm in diameter

Front 3

Papule

Back 3

An elevated solid lesion that is generally small and less than 5mm in dimaeter

Front 4

Patch

Back 4

Small, circumscribed area differing in color from surrounding surface and greater than 1cm in diameter

Front 5

Plaque

Back 5

Elevated sold lesion greater than 5mm in diameter

Front 6

Cyst

Back 6

Epithelial lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material

Front 7

Vesicle

Back 7

Fluid-filled, very small less than 5mm elevated lesion

Front 8

Bulla

Back 8

Large vesicle greater than 5mm

Front 9

Wheal (or hive)

Back 9

Area of localized edema that follows vascular leakage and usually disappears within hours

Front 10

Erosion

Back 10

Circumscribed, superficial depression resulting from the loss of some or all of the epidermis

Front 11

Ulcer

Back 11

Deeper depression resulting from destruction of the epidermis and upper dermis

Front 12

Scale

Back 12

Abnormal shedding or accumulation of stratum corneum in flakes

Front 13

Crust

Back 13

Hardened deposit of dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates

Front 14

Lichenification

Back 14

Thickening and hardening of the skin with accentuation of normal skin markings

Front 15

Scar

Back 15

Healing defect of the dermis (the epidermis alone heals without a scar)

Front 16

What is contact dermatitis

Back 16

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction that results from contact with an allergen to which a person has previously been exposed and sensitized

Front 17

Which group of patients can develop severe seborrheic dermatitis

Back 17

HIV/AIDs and Parkinsons patients

Front 18

How do you treat seborrheic dermatitis

Back 18

Selenium sulfide or zinc pyrithione shampoos

Front 19

What is psoriasis

Back 19

T-cell mediated inflammatory dermatosis characterized by erythematous plaques with silvery scales

Front 20

Where are psoriasis lesions classically found

Back 20

Extensor surfaces (elbows, knees)

Front 21

What is Koebners phenomenon

Back 21

Psoriatic lesions can be provoked by local irritation or trauma

Front 22

What is Auspitz sign

Back 22

How psoriasis classically presents--with bleeding when the scale is scraped off

Front 23

What causes urticaria/hives

Back 23

Histamine and prostaglandin release from mast cells in a type 1 hypersensitivity response

Front 24

How many days after starting a drug would you see a drug eruption

Back 24

7-14 days after exposure, see eosinophilia

Front 25

What is erythema multiforme and how is it treated

Back 25

Targetoid lesions often on palms and soles, EM major can lead to TEN or SJS

Treated with symptomatic treatment

Front 26

What would have multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck smear

Back 26

Herpes

Front 27

How can you treat rosacea

Back 27

Topical metronidazole

Front 28

What causes pityriasis rosea

Back 28

HHV6 or 7

See herald patch and "christmas tree" pattern on back

Front 29

What is Bowens disease

Back 29

Form of SCC in situ of skin

Front 30

What is the most common malignant skin cancer

Back 30

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Front 31

What is mycosis fungoides

Back 31

NOT A FUNGUS

It is a cutaneious t cell lymphoma

Front 32

What is the treatment for mycosis fungoides

Back 32

Phototherapy

Front 33

What antibody is seen in pemphigus vulgaris

Back 33

anti-desmoglein

Front 34

Is Nikolsky sign positive in Bullous Pemphigoid or Pemphigus Vulgaris

Back 34

- in bullous pemphigoid

+ in pemphigus vulgaris

Front 35

What is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Back 35

Anaphylactic and atopic

Antigen cross links IgE on presensitized mast cells and releases histamine

Antibody mediated

Anaphylaxis, asthma, urticarial, drug reactions, local wheal and flare

Front 36

What is type II hypersensitivity reaction

Back 36

Cytotoxic

IgM and IgG bind to antigen on an "enemy" cell leading to lysis by complement or phagocytosis

Antibody and complement lead to membrane attack complex

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, good pasture's syndrome, rheumatic fever

Front 37

What is type III hypersensitivity reaction

Back 37

Immune complex

Serum sickness

Arthus reaction

Front 38

Explain the type III hypersensitivity immune complex reaction

Back 38

Antigen-antibody complexes activate complement which attracts PMNs which then release lysosomal enzymes

Includes many glomunerlonephitides and vasculitidies

Polyarteritis nodosa, immune complex glomerulonephritis, SLE, rheumatoid arthritis

Front 39

Explain the type III hypersensitivity serum sickness reaction

Back 39

Antibodies to the foreign proteins are produced in about 5 days, the immune complexes are then deposited in membranes, where they lead to tissue damage. Seen in drug reactions.

See fever, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, and lymphadenopathy 5-10 days after antigen exposure

Front 40

Explain the type III hypersensitivity arthus reaction

Back 40

A local reaction to antigen by preformed antibodies characterized by vascular necrosis and thrombosis

Occurs rarely 4-12 hours after vaccination

Seen in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Front 41

What is a type IV hypersensitivity reactions

Back 41

Sensitized T lymphocytes encounter an antigen and then release lymphokines which leads to macrophage activation

Delayed and cell mediated (no antibodies involved)

TB skin tests, transplant rejection, contact dermatitis

Front 42

What is the mechanism of GVHD?

Back 42

Activation of the donor T lymphocytes