Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the definition of a macule?
|
A flat, colored lesion, <2 cm in diameter, not raised above the surface of the surrounding skin.
A "freckle," or ephelid, is a prototype pigmented macule. |
|
|
What is the definition of a patch?
|
A large (>2 cm) flat lesion with a color different from the surrounding skin.
This differs from a macule only in size. |
|
|
What is the difference between a macule and a patch?
|
A macule differs from a patch only in size.
A macules are <2 cm while patches are >2cm |
|
|
What is the definition of a papule?
|
A small, solid lesion, <0.5 cm in diameter, raised above the surface of the surrounding skin and, hence, palpable (e.g., a closed comedone, or whitehead, in acne).
|
|
|
What is the definition of a nodule?
|
Nodule: A larger (0.5–5.0 cm), firm lesion raised above the surface of the surrounding skin.
This differs from a papule only in size (e.g., a dermal nevomelanocytic nevus). |
|
|
In a dermatological context, what is the definition of a tumour?
|
A solid, raised growth >5 cm in diameter.
|
|
|
What is the definition of a plaque?
|
A large (>1 cm), flat-topped, raised lesion; edges may either be distinct (e.g., in psoriasis) or gradually blend with surrounding skin (e.g., in eczematous dermatitis).
|
|
|
What is the difference between a nodule and a papule?
|
Nodules and papules differ only in size.
Nodules are <0.5 cm while papules are >0.5 cm but <5.0 cm. |
|
|
Raised lesions >5 cm in diameter are called...
|
Tumours
|
|
|
Raised lesions <0.5 cm in diameter are called...
|
Papules
|
|
|
Raised lesions between 0.5 cm and 5.0 cm in diameter are called...
|
Nodules
|
|
|
Flat-topped raised lesions greater than 1.0 cm are called...
|
Plaques
|
|
|
Flat lesions <2.0 cm in diameter are called...
|
Macules
|
|
|
Flat lesions >2.0 cm in diameter are called...
|
Patches
|
|
|
What is the definition of a vesicle?
|
A small, fluid-filled lesion, <0.5 cm in diameter, raised above the plane of surrounding skin.
Fluid is often visible, and the lesions are translucent [e.g., vesicles in allergic contact dermatitis caused by Toxicodendron (poison ivy)]. |
|
|
Small, raised, translucent fluid-filled lesions <0.5 cm in diameter are called...
|
Vesicles
|
|
|
Raised, translucent fluid-filled lesions >0.5 cm in diameter are called...
|
Bullae
|
|
|
What is the definition of a bulla?
|
A fluid-filled, raised, often translucent lesion >0.5 cm in diameter.
|
|
|
What is the definition of a wheal?
|
A raised, erythematous, edematous papule or plaque, usually representing short-lived vasodilatation and vasopermeability.
|
|
|
What is a telangiectasia?
|
A dilated, superficial blood vessel.
|
|
|
A raised, erythematous, edematous papule or plaque, usually representing short-lived vasodilatation and vasopermeability, is called a...
|
Wheal
|
|
|
A dilated, superficial blood vessel is called a...
|
Telangiectasia
|
|
|
What is the definition of a pustule?
|
A vesicle filled with leukocytes.
Note: The presence of pustules does not necessarily signify the existence of an infection. |
|
|
Vesicles filled with leukocytes are called...
|
Pustules
|
|
|
What is the corresponding larger version of each of the following?
Macule... Papule... Vesicle... |
Macule < Patch
Papule < Nodule Vesicle < Bulla |
|
|
Patch...
Nodule... Bulla... |
Patch > Macule
Nodule > Papule Bulla > Vesicle |
|
|
What is the definition of an ulcer?
|
Loss of the epidermis and at least a portion of the underlying dermis.
|
|
|
What is pruritis?
|
Pruritis is a sensation that elicits the desire to scratch. Pruritus is often the predominant symptom of inflammatory skin diseases (e.g., atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis); it is also commonly associated with xerosis and aged skin.
Systemic conditions that can be associated with pruritus include chronic renal disease, cholestasis, pregnancy, malignancy, thyroid disease, polycythemia vera, and delusions of parasitosis. |
|
|
Describe the presentation of cellulitis.
|
Cellulitis is inflammation so the signs and symptoms correspond to those of inflammation.
1) Swelling 2) Erythema 3) Heat 3) Pain/tenderness In run-of-the-mill cellulitis the erythematous macular lesions are usually confluent with indistinct borders. In Erysipelas, by contras, there is clear demarcation between the involved areas and normal skin. 4) |
|
|
What should be on your differential for a suspected case of lower leg cellulitis?
|
DVT
|
|
|
What are the differences between run-of-the-mill cellulitis and erysipelas?
|
The lesions of erysipelas are raised and clearly demarcated.
Additionally, erysipelas is more commonly associated with systemic symptoms such as fever. |
|
|
What are the treatment preference for mild cellulitis in an otherwise healthy patient?
|
You need to cover Strep. pyogenes and Staph. aureus, so a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, first or second generation cephalosporin, or macrolide have appropriate activity.
|
