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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's the difference between atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis?
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Atopic = type I hypersensitivity (pruritic eruption usually on skin flexures)
Allergic contact = type IV hypersensitivity |
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What is the Auspitz sign?
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Bleeding spots when a scaly plaque is scraped (occurs in pts w/ psoriasis)
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What is an ephelis and what causes it?
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Freckle
- Normal # of melanocytes but increased melanin pigment |
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Sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses... what is it?
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Sign of Leser-Trelat, indicating an underlying malignancy (e.g. GI, lymphoid)
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Flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin-filled cysts; looks "pasted on"... what is it?
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Seborrheic keratosis
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What causes vitiligo?
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Decrease in melanocytes
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What causes albinism?
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Deficient tyrosinase --> decreased melanin production (but normal # of melanocytes)
- Can also be caused by failure of neural crest cell migration |
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What is melasma?
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Hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy or OCP use
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Honey-colored crusting skin lesion... what is it?
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Impetigo
- Usually from S. aureus or S. pyogenes - Highly contagious |
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What's the pathogenesis of staph scalded skin syndrome?
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Exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in the stratum granulosum only --> fever, rash, sloughing of upper layers of epidermis
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White, painless plaques on tongue that cannot be scraped off... what is it?
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Hairy leukoplakia
- EBV-mediated - Seen in HIV pts |
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What is Nikolsky's sign, and when is it positive?
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Separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
- Positive in pts w/ pemphigus vulgaris - Negative in pts w/ bullous pemphigoid |
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What is the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris?
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IgG against epithelial cell desmosomes
- Potentially fatal - Acantholysis: intraepidermal bullae involving skin and oral mucosa - Separation of epidermis on stroking of skin (Nikolsky's sign) |
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What is the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid?
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IgG against epithelial cell hemidesmosomes (located at epidermal basement membrane--think antibodies are "bullow" the epidermis)
- Similar to but less severe than pemphigus vulgaris |
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Pt w/ celiac disease with pruritic papules and vesicles with deposits of IgA... what is it?
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Dermatitis herpetiformis
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Pruritic, purple, polygonal papules, with sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction... what is it?
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Lichen planus
- Associated with hepatitis C |
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Papules caused by sun exposure, that are small, rough, erythematous or brownish, like a "cutaneous horn"... what is it?
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Actinic keratosis
- Precursor of squamous cell ca |
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What is acanthosis nigricans indicative of?
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= hyperplasia of stratum spinosum
- Indicative of hyperinsulinemia (as in Cushing's disease or diabetes) or visceral malignancy |
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What is erythema nodosum and what is it associated with?
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= Inflammatory lesions of subcu fat, usually on anterior shins
- Assoc. with coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, TB, leprosy, strep infx, and sarcoidosis |
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Generalized eruption of erythematous oval macules and papules; starts with "herald patch" followed days later by "Christmas tree" distribution of papules... what is it?
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Pityriasis rosea
- Remits spontaneously |
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Hemangioma that appears in first few weeks of life and regresses by age 5-8 years... what is it?
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Strawberry hemangioma
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Hemangioma that appears in 30s-40s and does not regress... what is it?
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Cherry hemangioma
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Skin cancer associated with arsenic exposure... what is it?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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What is a keratoacanthoma?
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A variant of squamous cell carcinoma
- Grows rapidly (4-6 weeks) and regresses spontaneously (4-8 weeks) |
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Locally invasive skin cancer, ulcerative lesion, keratin "pearls" on histology... what is it?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
- Rarely metastasizes |
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Locally invasive skin cancer; pearly papules, often with telangiectasias; eventual rolled edges with central ulceration; "palisading" nuclei... what is it?
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Basal cell carcinoma (most common skin cancer)
- Almost never metastasizes |
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What tumor marker is used for melanoma?
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S-100
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What finding in a melanoma correlates most with risk of metastasis?
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Depth of tumor
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What is a Spitz nevus?
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So-called "juvenile melanoma"; occurs in children and can be confused with malignant melanoma
***Always benign! |
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What skin disorder is associated with hepatitis C?
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Lichen planus
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