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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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circumscribed deposit of blood <3mm
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petechiae
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what 2 drugs commonly causes petechiae?
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valsalva, thrombocytopenia
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deposit of blood >3mm
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ecchymoses
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what is the name for bruising on an elderly person's hands and forearms? what is this due to?
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atinic purpura, due to vessel fragility
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descriptor for brown lesion/skin? white?
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hypermelanosis, leukoderma
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how do you describe something that is pink? red?
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violaceous, erythema
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erythema is redness in patches, _____________to sheet-like area. it will__________with pressure. This does not apply to skin condition in which_______, ________ or_________are seen
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capillary congestion, blanches with pressure. does not apply to skin condition in which papules, nodules or blisters are seen
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disseminated red spots and patches over large areas; rashes
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exanthem
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describe the difference between purpura and erythema
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purpura is purple and does not blanches if pressure. due to blood outside a vessel. erythema is more red and blanches with pressure. due to capillary congestion
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another name for a rough surface
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verrucous
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ring like
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annular
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resembling an unbilicus
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unbilicated
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serpent like
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serpiginous
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what are 4 descriptors for arrangement?
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discrete-separate, confluent-merging, grouped vs. disseminated (disseminated, scattered over an area, group-clustered in a small area)
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what laboratory test is done for fungal and candida?
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Potassium Hydroxide Preparation (KOH prop)
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what test can you order to ddx. impetigo and pustular disorders?
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gram stain
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what lab can you use to identify HZV and SLE?
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immunofluorescent staining
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what exam can be used to ddx. HSV and HZV? why is this important?
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Tzanck Peparation, need to know because affects dosage
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why is used to dx. syphilis chancre?
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darkfield examination
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what would you do to identify bacteria, viral and fungi?
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cultures
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true or false. you can order a biopsy
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false, you will request a biopsy
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what will you use a patch test for?
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detect delayed IV hypersensitivity
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what creams are most effective in penetration?
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those containing urea or lactic acid
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what special instructions must be given with petroleum jelly and mineral oil
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water must be applied before application. they do not moisten the layers below them.
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what is added to lotion to control pruritis?
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menthol and phenol
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what is burrow's solution? what is it used for?
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aluminum sulfate and calcium acetate. mild antispetic; acute inflammation. never use near eye!
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what is silver nitrate?
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bactericidal; 0.1-0.5%
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what is acetic acid?
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bactericidal 0.1-2.5%
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describe the technique for wet-to-dry dressing
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cloth, fold into 4-8 layers, wet w/dressing solution, place on lesion. do not pour soln. on lesion or add once dressing in place
should be cool to reduce inflammation/itiching or tepid for debridement. leave in place for 30min. to 1 hr. 2-4 times daily until skin become dry |
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when is a wet-to-dry dressing indicated?
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poison ivy, pustules, bullous impetigo, HSV, zoster, insect bites, eczema, sunburn, statis dermatitis, stasis ulcers
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when are gels most useful?
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in acute exudative inflammation (poison ivy) or in hair. facial
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when are solution and lotion useful? what is their base?
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most useful for scalp, penetrates with no residue. can sting in intertriginous areas. water and alcohol base
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when would you use an aerosol?
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useful for scalp. useful for wet lesions like poison ivy. suspended in base under pressure
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general rules. cream on__________. ointments on_________ and gels, lotion or aerosol on_______
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cream-weeping eruptions, ointments on dry lichenified skin, and gels, lotion or aerosol on hairy areasq
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what is FTU?
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finger tip unit; the amount of cream from a tube from the distal join of the index finger to the tip. approx. 1/2 inch. = 0.5gm
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explain the rule of hand for amount of cream to dispense
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the rule or hand says the area of one side of the hand requires 0.5 FTU or approx 0.25gm per application
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pt. with a case of seborrheic blepharitis with dermatitis involving the hairline, eyebrows and nasolabial fold cover 1/2 a hand area you would order how much cream? what is the dosage? taper?
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0.125 gm once daily for 28 days=3.5gm. with tper would need approximately 5 gm. smallest tube available is 15 gm
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for a pt. with seborrheic blepharitis what would your instructions be? what would be the dosage?
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apply 1/2 inch to affected area in thin layer slowly massaged. dose-usually apply twice each day, up to 4 times a day. may have a maintenance dose of 2 to 3 times a day once a week.
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what is occlusion? when is it used and how often?
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covering of area after application of cream. twice daily for 2 hrs. or 8 hrs. overnight. used to enhance absorption. if tx. steroidal use lower groups V, VI, or VII. cover with plastic dressing. higher risk 2ndary infection.
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when prescribing a topical corticosteroid what should you inform your patient? what are the groups?
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group I (ultra-high potency) to group VII (OtC) low potency. ointments are generally more potent than same % in a cream. some concentration % misleading
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with topical corticosteroids group I is megapotenet and should not be used longer than ________. may have to be cycled how? what are the side effects?
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14 days, may need to cycle 2 wks off until resolution. more likely to cause side effects, atrophy or adrenal suppression. never use around the eyes.
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what is the limit and dosage of group II through VII?
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apply sparing twice each day. limit 2-6wks. can cause thinning of skin.
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in treating with a topical corticosteroid grou II through VII what should you do if adequate control not achieved?
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stop 1 wks and begin different regimen. occlusion enhances effect 10x but also increases side effects
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