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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary lesion |
develops on previously unaltered ski |
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Secondary lesion |
changes impression over time or occurs when a primary lesion is scratched (might become infectected, etc) |
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Macule |
Freckles or moles <1cm |
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Patch |
Mongolian Spot Cafe' au lait spot >1cm |
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Papule |
ant bite elevated nevus (mole) wart <1 cm |
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Plaque |
psoriasis lesion >1 cm |
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Pustule |
acne impetigo visually see pus underneath <1cm |
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Vesicle |
herpes simplex virus chicken pox shingles <1 cm |
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Nodule |
solid mass of skin >1 cm xanthoma fibroma |
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Bulla |
burns blister contact dermatitis >1 cm |
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Wheal |
PPD test Mosquito bite
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Cyst |
closed cavity or sac sebaceous cyst |
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Abscess |
> 1cm localized collect of purulent fluid |
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Tumor |
"mass" > few cm in diameter firm or soft benign or malignant |
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Annular |
circular begins in center and spreads to periphery |
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Confluent |
run together |
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Grouped |
lesion cluster |
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Gyrate |
Twisted Coiled Spiral snake-like |
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Linear |
scratch streak line stripe |
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Polycyclic |
annular lesions merge
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solitary or discrete |
individual distinct lesions remain separate |
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Target (iris) |
resembles iris of the eye concentric rings of color |
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Zosteriform |
linear arrangement along nerve root |
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Cysts, Nodules, Scarring with acne |
Refer to derm |
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Follicultis |
Inflammation of hair follicle Most common staph |
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Furuncle |
Boil originates in hair follicle staph aureus |
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Carbuncle |
much larger than a furuncle may be necrotizing staph aureus |
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Most common causes of cellulitis |
Out patient: strep (A) s. aureus strep (B, C, G)
Inpatient: E. coli Klebsiella psudomonas enterobacter MRSA CA-MRSA
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Treatment of CA-MRSA |
Bactrim (may need to add amoxicillin or PCN for strep
Doxy/Minocycline
Clindamycin will cover both staph and strep
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Treatment of Group A Strep |
Bactrim + PCN, Amoxicillin, or 1st gen. cephalosporin
Doxy/minocycline + one of the above
Clindamycin |
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Erysipelas |
Looks like a rash that is progressive, erythematous, warm, and has induration
usually caused by strep |
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Hidradentis suppurativa |
abscess in the groin or axilla
usually staph |
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Impetigo |
Honey crusted lesions
usually staph
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Paronychia |
manicure gone bad
staph around the nail fold |
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Signs of inflammation in derm |
regional lymphadenopathy pain swelling warmth redness vesicles pustules purulent drainage |
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Signs of systemic infection in derm |
fever malaise chills anorexia |
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Management of infection in derm |
I&D as warranted
Systemic treatment and have them come back in 3 days if not better
Major infections: bacitracin, bactroban
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Fingernail Hematoma |
Trephination: drill hole in the nail bed to release the pressure |
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Candida Balantis |
Inflammation of the penile head caused by candida albicans
Miconazole Clortimazole Steroids Fluconazole |
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Candida Intertrigo |
Irritation of the folds of skin (usually in warm moist areas)
Drying agents such as talc or cornstarch Topical antifungals (ciclopirox, Loprox) Oral antifungals (fluconazole, Diflucan, itraconazole) |
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Tinea Capitus |
scalp
selenium 2.5% shampoo
Oral terbinafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole
Friseofulvin
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Tinea Corporis |
Ringworm
caused by tricophyton or microsporum
topical antifungals (miconazole, clortrimazole, naftifine, econazole)
Severe cases: systemic therapy like ketoconazole |
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Tinea Cruris |
Jock Itch
in the groin
Topical antifungals Oral antifungals for severe cases |
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Tinea Pedis |
athlete's foot
miconazole or clortrimazole |
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Tinea Manuum |
hand/palm
aluminum subacetate solution soaks |
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Tinea Unguium |
toenails and fingernails
oral antifungal (itraconazole, terbinafine) |
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Tinea Versicolor |
skin caused by yeast
Topical selenium sulfide
Topical antifungals |
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Shingles |
S/S: pain along dermatomal distribution…trunk grouped vesicle eruption of erythema exudate along dermatomal pathway regional lymphadenopathy possible
Management: acyclovir famciclovir valacyclovir
ER IF ON THE FACE AROUND THE EYE
Post-herpatic neuralgia: Neurontin Lyrica
Zostavax injection Approved at age 50 ok to have if already had shingles |
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Actinic Keratosis |
premalignant to SCC may be tender rough, flesh colored pink or hyperpigmented sun patches in sun-exposed parts of body
Liquid nitrogen |
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SCC |
arise from AK Develop over a few months keratictic, scaly bleeding
Biopsy and MOHs surgery |
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Seborrheic Keratosis |
stuck on appearance
No treatment or Liquid nitrogen
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BCC |
MOST COMMON SKIN CANCER
volcano appearance waxy, pearly appearance telangiectatic vessels slow growing
shave punch biopsy and surgical excision |
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Malignant Melanoma |
Median age: 40
May metastasize to any organ
Highest mortality rate of all skin cancers
Asymmetry Border irregularity Color variation Diameter > 6mm Elevation Enlargement
Biopsy and surgery |
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Xanthelasma |
Yellow plaques as a result of fat build up under the skin
Usually near the inner canthus
Hyperlipidemia is underlying cause |
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S/S of Xanthelasma |
soft yellowish lesions that form plaques
usually on medial side of upper eyelids
more common in women
peak onset 40-50
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Treatment of Xanthelasma |
surgical excision argon and carbon dioxide laser ablation chemical cauterization electro-desiccation cryotherapy |
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Lyme Disease |
spread by deer ticks
Takes 24-48 hours for tick to feed and transmit the infecting organism |
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S/S Lyme disease |
bull's eye macular or popular rash erythema migrans flu-like symptoms |
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Lab test for Lyme Disease |
ELISA = initial
Western blot = confirmatory |
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Treatment for Lyme Disease |
Doxy Amoxicillin refer |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
lethal bacterial infection
tick bites
takes 24 hours for rickettsiae to be transmitted to the host |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever S/S: |
maculopapular rash petichial rash abdominal pain joint pain flu like symptoms |
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Lab for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
Polymerase chain reaction
Immunohistochemical staining
Indirect immunofluroescence assay with r. rickettsii antigen |
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Treatment for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
Doxy
refer |
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Small Pox |
caused by variants
localizes in blood vessels of the skin, mouth, and throat |
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S/S Small Pox |
sudden onset of flu-like symptoms small pox rash appears as flat, red spots/lesions within 2 days, lesions turn into small blisters filled with clear fluid and later with pus
Distribution of lesions is hallmark!!! first lesions on oral mucosa/palate, face, or forearms centrifugal distribution with greatest concentration of lesions on face and distal extremities on any one part of the body, all lesions are in the same stage of development scabs lead to deep pitted scars
can be excruciating pain |
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Treatment of Small Pox |
small pox vaccine before infection no cure once infected supportive therapy antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection isolation of infected person
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Antrax |
acute caused by bacillus anthracis mostly lethal spores transported via clothes, shoes, body of dead animals that died of anthrax |
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S/S Anthrax |
Cutaneous occurs on exposed arms and hands neck and face follow pruitic papule leading to ulcer surrounded by vesicles develops into back necrotic central eschar with edema after 1-2 weeks eschar dries, loosens, separates, leaves permanent scar regional adenopathy
Inhalation: non-specific flu-like symptoms fever diaphoresis septic shock |
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Treatment of Anthrax |
vaccine
Antibiotics: PCN Cipro Doxy
REPORT to HEALTH DEPT!!! |
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Warts are transmitted how? |
direct contact |
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Common warts (verruca vulgaris) |
flesh-colored papule with rough surface
salicylic acid liquid nitrogen electrocautery |
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Filiform warts (digits) |
finger-like appearance with various projections
trentinoin cream liquid nitrogen electrocautery |
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Flat warts |
pink or light yellow
tretinoin cream liquid nitrogen electrocautery |
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Plantar warts |
roughened surface, slightly raised, may be painful
salycylic acid compound W freeze off blunt dissection laser therapy |
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Genital warts |
pale pink with several projections and a broad base
Looks like cauliflower
20% podophyllin resin (Pododerm) podofilox cryosurgery trichloraoacetic acid (TCA) bichloracetic acid (BCA) |
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Allergic reactions |
hypersensitivity reaction to a particular antigen
symptoms can vary
withdraw any med causing reaction
antipruitic agent antihistamine |
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senile pruritis |
dry skin
bath oils moisturizing lotions antihistamines topical steroids |
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Frost bite |
tissue damage from too cold
assess for hypothermia soak in water at 100 F treat for pain |
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Insect stings and bites |
remove stinger topical or intralesional corticosteroids topical anesthetics |
