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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is major depression? |
recurring episodes of dysphoria and negative thinking |
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What is bipoalr disorder? |
Moods swing from depression to mania over time |
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T or F: There are subtypes of major depression and bipolar disorder |
True |
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What does pathological depression resemble? |
An emotional state we have all experienced but differs significantly in intensity and duration (most important) |
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What does pathological depression cause? |
loss of interest in almost everything and inability to experience pleasure |
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What is the loss of interest in almost everything and the inability to experience pleasure called? |
Anhedonia |
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What do most patients with anhedonia mean? |
Hopelessness, sadness, worthlessness, guilt and desperation |
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T or F: Mania often occurs alone |
F, rarely occurs alone |
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What most often accompanies mania? |
It alternates with periods of depression to form bipolar disorder |
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How often does mania often last? |
Days not hours |
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What is the primary symptom of mania? |
Elation |
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What are some of the other symptoms besides elation of mania? |
1. little sleep need 2. unlimited confidence in themselves 3. impulsive decisions |
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What is the overall prevalence of major depressive episode among US adults? |
6.7 (about 7/100) |
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What age group has the highest prevalence of 12-month major depressive disorder? |
18-25 (10.3%) |
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What age group has the second highest prevalence of 12-month major depressive disorder? |
26-49 (7.5%) |
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What age group has the lowest prevalence of 12-month major depressive disorder? |
50+ (4.8%) |
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What race has the highest prevalence of 12-month major depressive episode? |
Mixed race (12.2%) |
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What race has the lowest prevalence of 12-month major depressive episode? |
Asian |
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What is the prevalence of 12-month major depressive episode in females? |
8.5% |
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What is the percentage of males that have had a major depressive disorder of 12-month prevalence? |
4.7% |
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Which gender gets more episodes of major depressive disorder? |
Female |
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Why is it thought that females have a higher prevalence of depressive disorder? |
1. guys dont talk about it 2. guys more likely to commit suicide 3. guys drink more because it is more acceptable for them to deal negative behavior |
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What is the lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder? |
17% major depression for a long time |
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What percent of the US population has a lifetime prevalence of depression? |
3.9% |
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What percent of the US population has a 12-month prevalence of depression? |
2.6% |
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What percent of US population has a 12-month prevalence classified as severe? |
2.2% |
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Severity: 82.9% of these cases (2.2% of US adult population are classified as what? |
severe |
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What is the average age of onset for major depressive episode? |
25 year old |
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T or F: thoughts of suicide are uncommon with affective disorders |
False, very common |
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What percentage of depressed individuals attempt suicide? |
7-15% |
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What percent of the overall population attempts suicide? |
1-1.5% |
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What percent of people with bipolar disorder have attempted suicide? |
25-50% (most studies 40-50%) |
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Describe bipolar disorder #1 |
1. manic depression 2. periods of fluctuating mania and a swing to depression 3. Primary driver of effective drug treatment is different than bipolar 2 |
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Describe bipolar disorder #2 |
Characterized by predominantly depressive that fluctuates with a milder form of mania called hypomania |
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In bipolar two, which symptom do you treat and how? |
depression; respond better to anti-depressants |
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What are the monoamines? |
Dopamine, catecholamine, serotonin |
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How did the monoamine hypothesis originate? |
With the observation that reserpine induces depression as a side effect |
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What is reserpine primarily used for? |
The treatment of high blood pressure |
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How does reserpine cause depression? |
Prevents packaging or neurotransmitters into vesicles, leaving them in the cytoplasm where monoamine oxidases degrades them |
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What does reserpine do? |
inhibits vesicular uptake and storage, cannot be released, MAO degrades them |
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What is the fate of monoamines when it comes to reserpine like meds? |
stay in the cytosol resulting in less in the cells |
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Bottom line: why is reserpine making people derpessed? |
Took away amines |
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What is the normal function of MAO inhibitors? |
Function of MAO is to metabolize monoamine transmitter available for release. |
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What does MAO inhibition do? |
Increases the amount of neurotransmitter available for release |
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What is a big problem with MAO? |
Significant risk of liver toxci |
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Are MAOs widely prescribed for for depression? |
No, used infrequently, only when someone doesn't response to other classes |
