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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Pharmacology?
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The basic medical science that deals with the study of drugs.
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What is dosage?
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The amount of medication to be administered.
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Dosage is listed as ___________ and are known as ___________.
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Therapeutic Dose
"Usual adult dose" |
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The Therapeutic Dose is also referred to as?
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1. Normal adult Dose
2. The usual Dose 3. Average Dose |
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What is Dosage range?
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Applies to the range beteeen the MINIMUM amount of the drug and the MAXIMUM amount of the drug required to produce the desired effect.
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What is a TOXIC dose?
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The amount of a drug that will produce symptoms of poisoning.
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What is a MINIMUM LETHAL Dose?
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The least amount of a drug that can produce death.
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What two factors determine the influence of a dose?
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Age and weight.
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What is the most common factor which influences the amount of the drug to be given?
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AGE.
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Who are more susceptible to drug action?
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INFANTS
CHILDREN ELDERLY |
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What are the methods of administration of drugs?
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PARENTERNAL
ORAL INHALATION TOPICAL |
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Infiltration is?
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A method of administering drugs. It is commonly used to anesthetize maxillary teeth.
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What is a block?
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The most effective means to achive anesthesia of the mandibular teeth.
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What is another name for a mandibular block?
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Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
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What is Periodontal Ligmment injection?
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Can be used nstead of Infiltration Injection. The needle is placed directly into the peridontal Ligament along the side of the tooth. Solution is deposited under pressure. PAINFUL!!!!!
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Another route closely associated with oral is?
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SUBLINGUAL
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What are the three types of Inhalation?
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Vaporization
Nebulization Gas Inhalation |
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What is BUMEDINST 6710.67?
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Guidance to DTF for the administration of outpatient anesthetic services in IV sedation to dental patients
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What is BUMEDINST 6710.68
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Guidance to DTF for the administration of Nitrous oxide (N2O-O2)
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What is the most common type of gas inhalation?
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Nirtous Oxide Sedation.
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What us the defination of a drug?
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Any chemical substance which has an effect on living tissue but is not used for food.
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What are the classifications of drugs?
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General
Chemical Theapeutic |
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General Drugs Are?
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Grouped according to source, whether animal, vegetable, or mineral in composition.
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Chemical Drugs are?
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Medications are grouped by chemical characteristics. e.g. acids, bases or salts.
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Therapeutic (PHARMACOLOGICAL)
drugs? |
Classified according to action on the body.
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Drugs classifications can be further divided into?
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CONTROLLED AND NONCONTROLLED.
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Non Controlled drugs are?
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Non prescription, over the counter drugs.
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Controlled drugs are?
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Prescription drugs which have the potential for abuse.
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Controlled drugs are characterized into_______schedules
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FIVE
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Acids
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Very caustic and present a sour taste
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Emollients
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Blan or fatty acids that may be applied to the skin to make it more pliable and soft.
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Examples of Emmollients?
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Cocoa Butter (Theobroma Oil)
Petrolatum |
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These drugs and chemicals are primary intendd for the preventions of infections by destroying microorganisms or preventing their growth.
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Desinfectants
Antiseptics Germicides |
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Chemical Compounds which stop the growth of or desrtoy different types of bacteria and other microorganisms
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ANTIBIOTICS
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Patients having history of infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, artifical heart valves are prescribed?
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Antibiotics.
Large dose before treatment; smaller dose 6 hours after inital dose. |
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What is one of the most important anitbiotics?
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PENICILLIN
One of the most effective abd least toxic antimicrobial agents |
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A group of antibiotics that are structurally and pharmacologically related to?
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PENICILLIN
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Tetracyclines?
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Introduced in 1948, were the first truly broad spectrum antibiotics. Not given to women and children. Discolouration of teeth and slows bone marrow growth.
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Erythromycin
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Has a bitter taste and is destroyed by gastric acids. Drug of choice when pencillin is contraindicated
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Drugs that relieve pain without producing unconsciousness or imparing mental capacities
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ANALGESICS
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What drug(s) lowers increased body temperature?
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ANTIPYRETICS
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What is the ECONOMICAL, ANALGESICS,ANTIPYRETIC and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY agent used for mild to moderate pain?
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ASPRIN!!!!!
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This drug is not given to third trimester patients or anyone with history of gastrointestinal bleeding.
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IBUPROFEN
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The most important of the Alkaloid-based drugs are?
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MORPHINE and CODEINE
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This drug is indicated for the reliefe of severe pain
and used preoperatively to sedate patients, treat myocardial infractions and is used in casualty care? |
MORPHINE SULFATE
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What drug has 1/6 the analgesic power and 1/4 of the respiratory depressent of Morphine
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CODENIE SULFATE
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Waht is MEPERIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE?
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DEMEROL. Synthetic anagesic similar to Morphine.
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What drug is used primarily in casualty care?
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AMYL NITRATE
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This drug is indicated for the treatment and management of acute and chronic angina pectoris
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NITROGLYCERINE
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Vasoconstrictors
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These drugs produce constriction of the blood vessels with consequent rise in blood pressure.
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Dentistry uses of epinephrine
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To help control diffuse bleeding and can be used to treat severe allergic reactions such as anaphylatic shock.
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Hemostatics
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Any agents, mechanical or chemical, that arrest bleeding.
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Anticoagulants
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A group of drugs which delay or prevent blood coagulation. A commonly used one in dentistry is heparin sodium.
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Anesthesia
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A partial or total absence of sensation to stimuli, such as cold, heat, or painful irritation.
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Forms of dental anesthesia
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Gas, local and topical to control pain and relax patients.
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Nitrous oxide sedation
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Most commonly used gas in dentistry.
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Inhalation sedation mixture
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40% nitrous oxide/60% oxygen.
(N20-02)delivered through a gas machine to produce a conscious sedation. |
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Advantages of N20-02
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Rapid onset of action
Good control of the depth of sedation Rapid and complete recovery |
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Local anesthetics
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Temporarily prevent the conduction of sensory impulses such as pain, touch, and thermal changes from a body part along nerve pathways to the brain.
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Amides
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Organic compounds derived from ammonia. Some examples are lidocaine, bupivacaine and mepivacaine.
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Esters
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Compounds formed derived from alcohols and acids by the removal of water. Some examples are procaine and propoxycaine.
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2% Lidocaine hydrochloride
2% Mepivacaine |
The two most common local anesthetics used in dentistry.
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Vasoconstrictors
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These drugs produce constriction of the blood vessels with consequent rise in blood pressure.
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Dentistry uses of epinephrine
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To help control diffuse bleeding and can be used to treat severe allergic reactions such as anaphylatic shock.
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Hemostatics
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Any agents, mechanical or chemical, that arrest bleeding.
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Anticoagulants
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A group of drugs which delay or prevent blood coagulation. A commonly used one in dentistry is heparin sodium.
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Anesthesia
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A partial or total absence of sensation to stimuli, such as cold, heat, or painful irritation.
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