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288 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the ranking order from high to low F- release and F- recharge (same) of theses cements resin-modifies glass ionomer, compomer, glass ionomer, composite resin
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glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, compomer, composite resin
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rank the cements from high to low for strength and wear resistance (same)
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composite resin, compomer, resin-modified glass-ionomer, glass ionomer
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Which cement has high CTE and shrinkage
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composite resin
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Chich cement has CTE=Tooth
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glass ionomer
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What cement has a 2 component system
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glass ionomer
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What cement has a 1 component system
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composite resin
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these are specific uses of what: cementation (Type 1) intermediate restoration (Type II) especially in high caries risk pt, base or liner (Type III) pit and fissure sealant, ortho adhesive, core build up
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glass ionomer cement
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What cement has this powder: CaF aluminosilicate glass (particle size 15-50 um depending on type/application) made by fusing components at 1100-1500C also contain La, Ba, Sr, and Zn oxides for radiopacity
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glass ionomer cement
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another name for glass ionomer cement
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polyalkenoate cemnt
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What cemnt has this liquid- originally polyacrylic acid in water (40-50 conc) now co-polymer of polyacrylic acid with itaconic, maleic or tricarboxylaic acids
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glass ionomer cement
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Which liquid component of glass ionomer increase reactivity, reduces visosity, and reduces tendency for gelation
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copolymer
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what is added to liquid compont of glass ionomer is added to improve handling characteristics and increase working time, but results in shorter setting time
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tartaric acid
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in the setting rxn of glass ionomer cement acid etches surface of glass particles to leach what ions in aqueous medium
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Ca, Al, Na, F ions
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in the setting rxn of glass ionomer cements what 2 ions react to form cross-linked gel matrix surrounding partially-reacted particles
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Ca and Al
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What 2 ions of the settign rxn of glass ionomer are not involved in cross-linking
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Na and F
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How does the cross linking phase of glass ionomer mature?
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hydration
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Water is critical for setting of glass ionomer cement describe why
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loss of water will dessicate matrix, contamination with water will dissolve matrix-forming ions
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the glass ionomer setting rxn is what acid-base rxn
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polyacrylic acid + water + reactive glass=acid-cross-linked by metal ions
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What bondig is formed by the donation of a pair of electrons from 2 or more atoms to a metal ion, forming a ring coordination complex
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chelation bonding
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What type of chemical bonding is involved with glass ionomer cement
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chelation bonding
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glass ionomer have acidic pH on _____, the cement is ____ acidic
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setting, more
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The pulpal response of glass ionomer is more or lass than ZOE but more or less than Zn phosphate
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more, less
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glass ionomer have what appearance
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esthetic
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glass ionomer have potential for REDUCING OR INCREASING secondary decay by Fl- release, specially in hgigh caries risk pts
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reducing
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glass ionomer bond higher to dentin or enamel
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enamel
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What are the advantages of glass ionomer cement
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chemical bond to tooth, well-retained, Fl-release initially high, but decrease to 10% of original after 1 mo, coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of tooth structure, no polymerization shrinkage, some mechanical prop similar to those of dentin, similar compressive strength, higher diametral strength and greater resistance to disintegration that zinc properties
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What is the solubility of glass ionomer
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lowe
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Are glass ionomer relatively biocompatible
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yes
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are glass ionomer packable
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yes, higher compressive and flexural strengths than traditional
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how is glass ionomer cured
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chemically useful in atramatic restorative technique
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Can glass ionomer be used with bonding agents
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yes, but fl- release is reduced under bonding agents
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do GI have polymerize shrinkage
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NO
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The mechanical properties of GI are similar to what tooth structure
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dentin
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What cement is brittle
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glass ionomer (GI)
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Describe the compressive and tensile strengths, fracture toughness, and resistance to wear of GI
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lower
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Glass ionomer has ____ the elastic modulus of zinc phosphate
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half
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What is the color/appearance of glass ionomer
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opaque appearce of set restorative material
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Glass ionomers need good moisture control, they are susceptible to desiccation and to moisture contamination until what?
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matrix matures
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How can you protect the margins of GI cement
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using varnish or bonding agent
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GI have post-operative sensitivity, especialy if what?
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over-dried
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What is a limitation of the strength of GI cements
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takes time to reach
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Describe the handling characteristics of GI cements
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fair-poor handling
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GI cements are not recommended for cementing what
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ceramic restorations, b/c low elastic modulus
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The low elastic modulus of GI cements could cause the restoration to develop greater what on occlusal loading
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tensile stress
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What cement is used for permanent luting, core build-up, ortho bonding, class III, V, in high risk pt and abfraction lesions
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Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (hybrid ionomer)
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What cement has radiopaque fluoroaluminosilicate glass and catalyst in its powder
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hybrid ionomer, (resin-modified glass ionomer)
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What cement has modified polycarboxylic acid containing methacrylate and HEMA, photo-initiator in its liquid component
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hybrid ionomer
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Resin-modified GI have what bond to tooth thats well retained
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chemical
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how is resin modified GI cured
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light activated
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Comare resin modified GI to traditional GI
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higher compressive strength, higher bond strength, less moisture sensitive, improved wear resistance
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Describe the handling charactistics of modified hybrid GI
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good
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describe the film thickness of resin-modifed GI
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low approx 25um
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compare the technique sensitivity of resin-modified GI and resin cements
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resin modified less sensitive than resin cement
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Does resin-modified GI or trad GI release more Fl-
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trad GI
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Resin-modified GI should not be used under most all-ceremic crowns, why?
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coefficient of thermal expansion higher than that of tooth structure
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immediately after resin-modified is placed need to what?
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control moisture, susceptible to desiccation
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Does resin-modified polymerizaion shrink
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yes
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if over dried resin-modified Gi iwll have what
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post-op sensitivity
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resin modified Gi is brittle
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0
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What is a composite resin and glass ionomer
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compomer
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what is poly-acid modified composite resin
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compomer
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What cement is for low stress-bearing restorations such as class III and V chemical cured or dual-cured
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compomer
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What compomer materials are used in class I and II in adults and kids
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newer
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compomer can also be used as
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luting cement, base/liner
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What cement is commonly used in pediatric and geriatic pts
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compomer
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What contain carboxylic-acid modified dimethacrylate, hydrophilic primers, fluoro-alumino-silicate glass, fillers, photoinitiator
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compomer
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compomers need ___-____ polymerization first, ____-_____ reaction only after exposure to H2O
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light-activated, acid-base
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compomer should be bonded using what since compomers do not chem bond to teeth
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bonding agent
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What type of systems usually have low bond strength to compomers
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6th generation type I systems
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When should bonding agents not be used with compomers
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on primary teeth
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How should compomer be placed
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increments
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When shoulld excess compomer be removed
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after gel state reached b/4 polymerization
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The Fl- release of compomer relates how to glass ionomer and resin-modified GI
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lower
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What are the advantages of compomer
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one-paste restorative system, fast setting time, relatively insoluble
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what are limitation of compomer
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not recharged with Fl- Tx or toothpase as much as GI or RMGI, Fl- release decreases within 30 days, and is accelerated by acids or salivary amylases, sensitive to light and moisute, poly shrinkate of 2-2.5 vol%
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in compomers water sorption=what
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slight expansion
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how compomer overall mechanical prop relate to composite resins
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inferior
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te coefficient of thermal expansion of compomer is LOWER/HIGHER than tooth structure
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higher
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Can compomer be used for pulp capping or core build ups under all ceremic crowns
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no
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Describe the color stability of compomers over extended periods is what
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moderate to poor limited # shades 12
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None
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How does compomer polish compaed to microfilled composite resin
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less polishable due to larger particles
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What cements are designed to provide thermal protection to pulp, provide mechanical support for restorations
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high-strength cement bases
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What can be made from glass or hybrid ionomer or reinforced ZOE
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high-strength cement bases
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do high strength cement bases have high or low compressive strength
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high
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What are usually calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer, ZOE and serve as a barrir against chem irritation
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low strength cement bases
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What is used for temp/provisional (type I) and intermediate (type II) luting cemnts, temp/provisional restorations and bases (type III), liner (Type IV)
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zinc oxide eugenol ZOE
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What has powder: 69% zinc oxide 29% rosin, ZN acetate
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ZOE cement
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What is the liquid in ZOE
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eugenol and other oils
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What cement is sedative, palliative effect on pulp, form an excellent seal, should not be used prior to placement of restorative/bonding resins (inhibit poly)
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ZOE
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What is used for base, filling, cementation
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reinforced and improvedZOE
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What contains 80% zinc oxide coated with carboxylic acid and 20-40% acrylic resin particles as powder, and eugenol for liquid
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reinforced ZOE
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What cement contains 70% zinc oxide and 30% alumina as powder and 37.5% eugenola nd 62.5 ortho-ethoxybenzoic acid (EBA) as liquid
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improved ZOE
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what is nogenol
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no eugenol-same powder as improved ZOE only EBA as liquid
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What is used for cementation of veneers, restorations, temp crown
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resin cements acrylic
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What contains Powder: methyl methacrylate polymer or copolymer containing benzoyl peroxide, liquid: methyl methacrylate monomer with amine accelerator
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resin cements acrylic
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What resin cement contains 4-META adhesion promoter added to methyl methacrylate monomer, and contains tributyl boron initiator
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modified acrylic resin cements
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Which resin cement is used for cemention of crowns, bridges, inlays and veneers, mainly composed of bis-GMA and are available as chem-cured, lt-cured, or dual cured, some comp similar to dentin bonding resins
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dimethacrylate cements
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What are the advantages of resin cements
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high strength and toughness, fracture toughness higher than all other cements, good retention particularly under all cement restorations, low oral solubility
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disadvantages of resin cement
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elastic modulus lower than zinc phosphate, some cements have poor handling characteristics, poly shrinkage and elakage, higher film thickness, technique sensitive materials, pulp sensitivity, excess cement should be removed immediatly after seating the restoration and not be delayed after polymerization
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What is ued for a liner, direct and indirect pulp capping, temp filling of inlay prep, base
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calcium hydroxide cement
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These are the principle components of what: liner: Ca(OH)2 and thickening agent in solvent, solvent evaporates and leaves ting film of Ca(OH)2
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calcium hydroxide cement
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These are what in calcium hydroxide cement: Ca tungstate, Ca phosphate, ZnO in glycol salicylate
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base paste
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These are what in calcium hydroxide: Ca hydroxide, ZnO, Zn stearate
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catalyst paste
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What biological effect does calcium hydroxide have on pulp
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stimulate formation of reparative dentin
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What is contains natural gum (copal), rosin or synthetic resin in an organic solvent (acetone, chloroform, ether)
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cavity varnish
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What has the purpose to protect dentin from chem irritation, such as zinc phosphate cement pH and to minimize microleakage at margins of newly plaed dental amalgams
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cavity varnish
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Should cavity varnish be used under restorative resins or GI
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NO
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gingival tissue pack
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ZOE
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Periodontal dressing
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ZOE, Zinc Oxide prep
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root canal sealer:
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glass ionomer, ZOE, resin cements
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cemetation of ortho brackets and bands
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resin cements, bonding agents, hybrid ionomer, Zn phosphate
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What cement is designed for retaining crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays,, posts, and pins on prepared teeth and ortho appliances to teeth
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luting cements
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Lutting cements work by filling in spaces between what 2 things
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prepared tooth and the restoration
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Some cements made of resin also contain a what for bonding to teeth
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bonding resin
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What cements designed to cover dentin, protect pulp, and provide temporary function while a permanent restoration is being fabricated
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temporary and intermediate filling materials and tempoary luting cements
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What cements designed to provide thermal protection (insulation) and encourage recovery of an injured pulp
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cement bases
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What material is used to protect dentin and pulp tissues from irritant attack, tey are not thermally insulating
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liners
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Classification of cements
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chem composition, function
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cements chemical composition is mostly what combo
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powder-liquid
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What may be modified by manufacturer for specific properties , handling characteristics and intended use
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composition
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these list cements by what: as a luting cement, base, liner, temporary filling material, temp luting cement
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function
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What 2 things don't have acid-base rxn
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calcium hydroxide, and resin cements
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in the acid-base rxn what is the liquid portion
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acidic solution
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The powder of acid-base rxn contains glass or metallic oxides and tha _____ pH
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alkaline
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Resin cements have what rxn
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polymerization
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What has physicochemical mechanism of carie inhibition
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Fl-
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After the upatke of ____ by apatite, formation of less soluable, acid-resistant phase (fluorapatite)
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F-
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caries inhibition invovles dissolution of unbound Fl- which results in what balance theory
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remineralization-demineralization balance theory
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Fl- treated enamel has ____ surface E, hence probably retains less plaque
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lower
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What are the anticariogenic properiteis of Fl-
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physiochemical mechanism of caries, biologic mechanism of careis inhibition, Fl- in dental materials, Fl- recharging
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What is the inhibition of carb metabolism of acidogenic plaque microflora by Fl- that accumulates in dental plaque
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biologic mechanism of caries inhibition
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What is silicate, glass inonmer, and silicophosphate cements, compomers, resins, sealants, varnishes, gum, toothpaste
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Fl- in dental materials
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What is uptake of F- ions existing restorations containing Fl- for re-release
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Fl- recharging
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speicific use for silicate cements
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anterior restorations
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What is the glass of silicate cement made of?
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SiO2, Al2O3
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what cement includes Fl- and Ca+ componens such as NaF, CaF2, NaAiF6, Ca(H2PO4), H2O, CaO that act as fluxes
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silicate cements
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What are compounds that lower the fusing temp
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fluxes, silicate cements fuse at 1400C
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During setting of which cement is Ca2, Al3, F- ions are leached by acid attach and form phosphate in cement matrix
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silicate cements
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what is well known from numerous clinical and in vitro studies, but the precise mechanism of action is not know
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anticariogenic potential of silicate cements
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areas adjacent to silicate cements are less likely to get secondary caries, because
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Fl- releasing restorations
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What is the advantage of silicate cement
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Fl- release
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Ehat are the disadvantages of silicate cement
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high solubility rate, degradation, loss of contour, short restoration life span, brittle
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What cements are desgned for retaining crowns, onlays, bridges, ect, on prepared teeth
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type I cements
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What cements work by filling in spaces between the prepared tooth and the restoration or appliance and then hardening
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luting cements
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How do you select dental cements
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physical and biological properties, handling characteristics, cost
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What are some handling characteristics.
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work and setting time, ease of manipulation, pre-dispensed doses, ease of removal of excess material
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What is the weakest link in the tooth-cement restoration interface
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cement layer
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What are factors influenceing retention of cemented restoration
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film thickness, tensil strength, dimensional changes, chemically bonded
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What film thickness has fewer flaws
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thinner films
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What of a cement should be high as should be compressive and shear strengths and fracture toughness
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tensile strength
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What changes during setting should be minimized by proper isolation and protection
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dimensional
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What cements may increase retention
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chemically-bonded
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What cement is used for final cementation, high-strength base
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zinc phosphate cement
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What cement has the power: 90% zinc oxide, 10% magnesium oxide are sintered between 1000-1400 C and then ground, smaller size particles set faster
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zinc phosphate cement
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What cement has the liquid: phosphoric acid, water ( 33 vol%), aluminum and zinc phosphates
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zinc phoshpate cement
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with zinc phosphate cement what protection is necessary because pH of the liquid is initially strongly acidic
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pulpal protection
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what is the initial pH of zinc phosphate then what does it rise to?
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starts at 2 and rises to 5.5 within 24 hrs
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What must be fluid enough to form 25um or less film thickness, and 0.2 wt% max solubility and disintegration in water
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Type 1 cement- zinc phosphate cement
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the setting time for Type 1 zinc phosphate cemnent is between what at 30C and 100% humidity using 4.5 N Gillmore needle
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5-9 min
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What should the compressive strength after 24hrs of type 1 zinc phosphate cement
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68.7 MPa
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Setting time of zinc phosphate cement can be altered by what
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changing powder-liquid ratio (not recommended), rate of powder incorporation, spatulation time, temp of mixing slap (highly recommended)
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What should be removed after setting is complete of zinc phosphate (excess cement)
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flash
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What cement has uses for restorative and ortho comentation, base cement
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zinc polycarboxylate
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What cement has this powder: zinc oxide, sometimes magnesium, aluminum and bismouth oxies, small amts of SnF
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zinc polycarboxylate
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What is added to powder of zinc polycarboxylate that modify setting time, enhance manipulative prop and increase strength
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SnF
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What cement has this liquid: polyacrylic acid in water or co-polymer of polyacrylic acid (32-42%) with unsaturated carboxylic acids such as itaconic acid, the comecular wt of poly acids is 30,000-50,000
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zinc polycarboxylate
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What was pseudoplastic in nature, film thickness <or equal to 25um
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manipulation of zinc polycarboxylate cement
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Is the working time of zinc polycarboxylate greater or lesser than that of zinc phosplate
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lesser 2.5 min vs 5min
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What of zinc polycarboxylate indicates prolonged mixing time and that insufficient number of carboxyl groups are abailable to bod to tooth
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dull, tacky appearance
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what cement has same uses as zinc phosphate
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ainc silicophosphate cement
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What is the powder andliquid of zinc silicophosphate
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powder: silicate glass, zinc oxide, liquid phosphoric acid
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What cement is translucent, esthetically better than zinc phosphate and had superior properities, releases Fl-
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zinc silicophosphate
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When conditioning the dentin what are the possible Tx to the smear layer
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leave intact, completely remove, modify layer, remove and replace with something else
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What are possible choices for acids to remove smear layer
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EDTA, phosphoric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, polyacrylic acid
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When conditioning the dentin surface, what are considerations for smear layer removal
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alteration of dentin permeability, demineralization of dentin surface, denaturation of collagen, alteration in surface wttability retention of exposed collagen in "fluffy" state
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conditioning dentin increases surface area by how much
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2x
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acid etching of dentin once frowned upon, now known that as long as margin is totally sealed the pulp rxn is very ____
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low
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What is the capacity of the dentin helps reduce the acidity of the etchant
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buffering
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when both enamel and dentin are etched
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total etch technique
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What is the purpose of acid etch of dentin
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demineralize only top few microns (3-5um) of dentin, removed smear layer and leaves behind collagen fibrils
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etching dentin, ___ vigorous acid action is desired
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less
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acid etch eith ___ concentration of phosphoric acid (10), or a _____ duration of etching with 37% phosphoric acid (15-30) or a different type of acid
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lower concentation, shorter duration
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viscosity of etchants, what type of etchant contain colloidal silica or polymer beads in acid to help retain etchant locally, applied with brush or syringe
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gel
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why should gel etchant be agitated occasionally
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to bring fresh etchant to tooth surface, uniform etching
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do you rinse gel etchant
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yes with water
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What type of etchant tends to flow and are difficult to maintain in position, penetrate pits and fissures better
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liquid
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In dentin, acid dissolves ____ phase and exposes______
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mineral phase, exposes collagen
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What happens to collagen after etching, washing and drying, which prevents bonding resin from penetrating the fibril
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collapse collagen
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priming the dentin surface, in order fro the bonding resins to _____ the collagen exposed during demineralization, collagen fibrils must be resuspended. This is accomplished using ___ _____ techiniques which act to fluff up the collagen fibrils in an aqueous medium
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infiltrate, wet bonding
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What has a hydrophilic monomers that are applied in an organic solvent base
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primer
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What in primer is to displace water and to stiffen the suspended collagen so that max monomer pentration occurs around exposed collagen and into demineralized spaces
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solvent
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What monomer is typically the solvent
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hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)
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What infiltrates into the exposed and expanded collagen network and creates a zone which has properties of both a polymer and a tough, resilient protein, collagen
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adhesive resin
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What has properties of both a polymer and a touh resilient protein collagen
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hybrid layer
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How thick does hybrid layer need to be to acheive high bond strength
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3-5um
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what is typically placed over hybrid layer and light cured
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adhesive resin
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What polymerizes not only the adhesive layer, but also the underlying HEMA, locking these resins mechanically tot he tooth structure
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curing
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curing the resin cause what type of bond betwen resin and tooth structure
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mechanical
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what is added over conditioned and primed dentin thus bonding to underlying resins
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restorative resin
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The adhesive resins have sufficient # of ______ groups exposed on their outer surface so that _____ bondign will occur b/t adhesive layer and restorative resin
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methacylate, covalent
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Most/all bonding to dentin is
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micromechanical of hybrid layer
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little evidence of formation of true ___ bonds to either colagen or to hydroxyapatite
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covalent
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type of bond b/t resin and resin
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chemical
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developed in 70's single component bifuctional coupling resins that were methacrylate-based, were supposed to bond to calcium (chelation bond) but left smear layer untoughted, 2Mpa stength
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1st gen
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who develped 1st generation
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Drs. buonocore and bowen
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what generation is phosphonate-based resins containg Bis-GMA, developed 1980's proved good enamel bonding resins, 8Mpa
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2nd gen
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What generation is oxalate-based resin (NTG-GMA, PMDM) mid to late 1980's by Dr. Bowen, 2 component systems consisting of conditioner, primer, and adhesive resin, that modify or selectivly remove smear lyer 8-15 MPa
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3rd gen
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What generation is hydrophilic primers and resins developed for use with the total-etch technique and wet bonding in the early 90's a hybrid layer created, bond to teeth, resin, procelain, metal, low psot-operative sensitivity 17-25 MPa
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4th generation
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what generation was developed in mid 90's. combine primer and adhesive in 1 bottle, exhibit lower bond strengths than 4th resins and more sensitivity, more technique sensitivity 15-25 Mpa
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5th generation
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what generation was developed in late 90's , combine etchant, primer, and adhesive resin in 1 bottle, but are multistep, have strength similar to 5th generation, no results long term studies, water solvent 18-23 MPa
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6th generation
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is bond strength true predictors of success
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NO
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What 7th generation was developed in 2002, moderatly acidic self etching, no mix adhesive resin dispensed in single doses, or in 1 bottle, dissolves smear layer, does not need to be rinsed, few shor term clinical studies, contains UDMA, 2-META, acetone, water, gluteraldehyde, camphorquinone, can disinfect and desensitize, bond to amalgam and ceremic, and can be polymerixed by LED, halogen, PAC lts, not to be used with self-curing cements/materials18-28MPa
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iBond (Heraeus Kulzer)
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What componet allows bond to amalgam and ceremic
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4-META
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what 7th generation was developed in 2004, contain phosphoric acid, ester monomer, 4-MET, UDMA, TEGDMA, acetone, water, initiators, and filler particles dispensed in 1 bottle or unit dose dissolves smear layer, requires short burst of high pressure air, shorter aplication, and cure time, insensitive to level of wetness, and forms a non-coventional interface with the dentin, can be used with dual cure cements and can be polymerized by LED, halogen, PAC lts
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G-Bond (GC Corp)
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What is the non-conventional interface formed by G-bond
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nano intaeraction zone or NIZ
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What 7th generation was developed in 2005, contain methacrylate resins, PENTA, photoinitiators, stabilizers, acetone, cetylamine hydrofluoride, water, and filler particles dispensed in single dose or in bottle, releases Fl- can polymerize by most lts, should no be used with dual cure cements, uncut enamel, as a dired pulp capping material, or with phosphoric acid tooth conditioners
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Xeno IV Dentsply/Caulk
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What are solvents used in bonding agents
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acetone, ethanol/water
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What solvent drives water away, better wettability and penetration of tubules, evaporates quickly after dispensing, multiple coats needed, sensitive to dentin wetness
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acetone
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What solvet must be dried completely, needs extra dry time, evaoprates less quickly, less sensitve to dentin wetness, thin film formed, requires figorous rubbing of material
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ethanon
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What solvent is needed for ionization of acidic resin monomer, slower evaporation, so longer dry time, can interfere with polymerization, not sensitive to wetness of dentin
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water
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water can interfere wit polymerization, so unpolymerized monomer may continue to ____ dentin and result in _____ bond strength
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etch, lower
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What solvent needs no drying, single coating, larger film thickness, may lower bond strength
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solvent-free
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resin based system use the ability of low viscosity resin to penetrate etched enamel, and then polymerize and form a seal against microbial attach
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pit and fissure sealant
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What are filled or unfilled containing bis-GMA, polyurethanes, or cyanoacrylates athat are light cured or self cured
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pit fissure sealant
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color of filled and unfilled sealant
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filled- opaque/white, unfilled- colorless/transparent
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properties of sealants are MORE OR LESS similar to unfilled restorative resins than composite resins
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more
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what type of restorations use sealants
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preventive resin restorations
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What is to arrange in a pattern that gives strength, to connect or fasten together
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bonding
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What if the force causing two similar materials to attach to one another when brought into intimate contact
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cohesion
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What is the force causing two dissimilar materials to attach
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adhesion
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What is secondary bonds (hydrogen bonding, van der Waal's forces)
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physisorption
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What are primary bonds (monomolecular layer attached by covalent bonding)
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chemisorption
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To "fill the gap" formed between 2 surfaces what is used?
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adhesive
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The adhesion substance comes into much more intimate contact with the adherend, DECREASING OR INCREASING opportunity for more adhesion
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increasing
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What is the surface to be bonded
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adherend
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What form is the adhesive usually in, to provide the greatest surface coverage
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liquid
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What is a poorly adherent layer of ground dentin produced by cutting dentin
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smear layer
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What is an acidic agent that dissolves inorganic dentin components, creating a collagen network that permits infiltrateion by adhesive resin
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dentin conditioner
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dentin conditioner is commonly called
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acid-etch
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What is hydrophilic, low-viscosity resin that promotes bonding to dentin
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primer
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What intermediate layer of primer, adhesive rsin, collagen, and dentin produced by acid-etching of dentin and resin infiltration into conditioned dentin
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hybrid layer
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Dental bonding to composite resin advantages (5)
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bond resins to tooth structure, decrease resin polymerization shrinkage, minimize marginal gap formation and subsequent microleakage, conservation of tooth tissue, reinforcement of weakened tooth structure
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What are the disadvantages of dental bonding to composite resin
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technique sensitivity, not chemically bonded to tooth structure, postoperative sensititivity, can be contaminated by saliva, eugenol-containing materials, caries detectors, hemostatics, 02 from bleaching agents inhibits curing
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What would have these characteristics: have high bond strength to enamel and dentin, form an immediate and durable bond, prevent the ingress of bacteria, be safe to use, be simple to use, be able to bond to restorative materials.
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ideal dental bonding agent
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What provides means for mechanical attaching resin to enamel
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acid-etching
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Is acid etch more reactive to enamel rods cut parallel or perpendicular tot he tooth surface
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parallel
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What cleanses adherent proteins, pellicle and debris off the tooth, and increases surface energy to approximately twice, enabling better wetting by bonding adhesive?
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acid-etching
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Does acid etch INCREASE OR DECREASE the surface roughness of enamel and therefore area available for bonding
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increases
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What acid etch is 30-50%, most common 37%, concentrations > 50% precipitate monocalcium phosphate monohydrate which prevents further disolution?
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phosphoric acid
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What are other acid etches
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nitric acid, citric acid, maleic acid
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Etching of enamel, perferential dissolution of center ______ or peripherial area ______ of enamel rods
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Type I, type II
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What are combinations of unfilled, low viscosity dimethacrylates (bis-GMA and/or TEGDMA) that were hydrophobic in nature
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enamel bonding agens
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Enamel bonding agens where shown to have what type of bonding to enamel by the formation of resin tages 10-20 um deep within etching enamel rods
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micromechanical bonding
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Enamel bonding agents were replaced by what ehn etching of dentin and enamel was accepted (initially only enaeml etching was done)
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dentin bonding agents
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What is the hydorphobic and hydorphilic monomer of bonding agents attracted to?
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hydrophobic- resin; hydrophilic- water
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The molecules for bonding to teeth are M-R-X, what do they stand for?
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M- a methacrylate group capable of bonding to the overlying composite, R- spacer, X- functional group designed to react with organic or inorganic portion of tooth
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What is bonding to inorganic component?
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chelation bonding
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What is a bond formed by the donation of a pair of electrons from 2 or more atoms to a metal ion, forming a ring coordination complex?
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chelation bonding
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Chelation is also common in monomer specifically designed to bond to what?
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dentin
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These are what: phosphonated esters (scotchobond, Panavia), PETA (Probond), NTG-GMA (Tenure), PMDM (all bond), 4-Meta (amalgambond)
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chelaiton bonding, bonding to the inorganic component
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Organic bonding, bonds to what?
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collagen
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What contains only a small portion of bondable amino acids
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collagen
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What organic components react with the protein
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gluteraldehyde and HEMA
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What is a methacrylate group "grafted" onto the collagen strand
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HEMA (GLUMA)
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Atoms at the surface of the adherend have a HIGHER/LOWER energy state than do those within the bulk of the solid due to non uniform forces acting upon them
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HIGHER, condition leads to forced named surface E
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Atoms at a surface of a liquid have a HIGHER/LOWER energy state than do those within the bulk of the liquid due to non-uniform forces acting uponw them
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HIGHER, surface tension
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the interaction of adhesive with adherend is to obtain successful bonding, the adhesive must _____ the surface of the adherend
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wet
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Interaction of adhesive with adherend, if the surface E of the solid is ____ than the surface tension of the adhesive, the adhesive will NOT wet the solid surface
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less
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interaction of adhesive with adherend, if the surface E of the solid is _____ than the surface tension of the adhesive, the adhesive will wet (cover) the solid surface.
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greater
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What is a measure of the ability of an adhesive to wet a solid surface
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contact angle
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if the contact angle is high adhesion will be what and is surface tension GREATER/LESSER than surface E
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adhesion poor, surface tension greater than surface E
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Describe the adhesion and relationship of surface E to surace tension when contact angle is low
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adhesion- good, surface E is greater than surface tension
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What clinical factors affect potential for wettability
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chemical nature of the components, cleanliness of the adherend, penetration of surface, contamination, incomplete removal
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Describe chemical nature of the components
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enamel and dentin in natural vs. etched (higher E) states
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Describe cleanliness of teh adherend
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retained protein film, smear layer, saliva contamination
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Describe penetration of surface
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liquid adhersives
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Describe clinical contaminaitons
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water, saliva
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Deacribe the clinical factor, incomplete removal
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of etchant or dissolved, demineralized tooth structure
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What is the bond strength of enamel
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minimum retentive strength of etched enamel to bonding resin 20 MPa or 2,900 psi
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describe range of dentin bond strengths
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15-25 MPa
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The goal of dentin bonding is to attain bond strends ______ to, or _____ than those of etched enamel
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equivalent, higher
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dentin bond strengths have been acheived in laboraory, but testing values are very susceptible to what?
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technique
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6 facorts affecting bond strength
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tooth vitality, direct tooth is sectioned: M-D, B-L, or occlusal, tooth age- sclerotic dentin, depth of cut into dentin- near DEJ, mid, or near pulp, tooth storage conditions: duration in storage, storage solution, method od bonding testing; shear, tensile, microtensile
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Describe the compositon of dentin and enamel
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enamel- organic 2, inorganic 92, water 6, Dentin- organin 33, inorganic 45, water 22
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Forces during polymerization shrinkage are quite high (give values) and can ______ the bond strength of tooth to resin.
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10-17 MPa or 1500-2500 psi, compromise
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To minimize stresses at the tooth/resin interface, the C-factor should be as ____ as possible
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low
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What is the ratio of bonded to the unbonded surface areas
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C-factor, configuration factor
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rank from high to low the leakage potential for a square 1mm deep, square 1.5 mm deep, or round 1mm deep
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square 1.5mm, square 1mm, round 1mm
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