Dental Materials Ii

Front 1

1. What is osseointegration?

Back 1

A direct structural and functional connection between ordered, living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant

Front 2

2. Why is titanium the "material of choice" in dentistry?

What are the grades of titanium?

Back 2

B/c of its excellent biocompatibility (as a result of its stable oxide layer), mechanical properties, and, in implantoloy, its proven ability to achieve osseointegration

Four grades of "commercially pure" (CP) titanium and two grade of titanium alloy (i-6Al-4V)

Front 3

3. How does titanium alloy compare to commercially pure titanium?

Back 3

Alloy is significantly stronger than CP

Hence it now dominates use in the US

Front 4

4. What is an endosseous dental implant?

Back 4

A device inserted into the maxillae or mandible (endosseous) to support prosthesis

It is the "tooth root" analogue and is often referred to as a 'fixture'

Front 5

5. What is the interfacial zone?

Back 5

The thin zone at the surface of an implant, which includes the surface oxides, proteoglycan layer, protein layers, and CT

Front 6

6. What is the implant abutment?

What is a transmucosal abutment (TMA)?

When may a temporary or healing abutment be used?

Back 6

The component which attaches to the dental implant and supports the prosthesis

One which passes through the mucosa overlying the implant

During the healing of the peri-implant soft tissue before the definitive abutment is chosen

Front 7

7. What is an abutment screw?

What is a single stage implant surgery?

What is single stage implant surgery and placement the protocol used in?

Back 7

A screw used to connect an abutment to the implant

Surgical placement of a dental implant which is left exposed to the oral cavity following insertion

Non-submerged implant systems

Front 8

8. What is a two stage implant surgery?

Back 8

Initial surgical placement of a dental implant in which an osteotomy site is prepared

The implant is placed in the osteotomy site, a healing screw is inserted in the implant fixture

The implant fixture w/ the healing screw are buried beneath the mucosal flap for a specific period of time

Front 9

9. What happens at the end of the time period?

Back 9

Implant fixture and healing screw are subsequently exposed w/ a second surgical procedure

The healing screw is remove and a healing abutment is placed

Then the prosthetic phase is begun and completed

Front 10

10. What are crestal bone level changes?

Back 10

Osseous crestal bone changes (at the level of the implant coronal threads) are considered w/in normal limits if there is no more than 0.1 to 0.2 mm marginal bone loss per year after the first year of function

Front 11

11. What are calcium phosphate ceramics?

Back 11

A class of ceramics w/ varying calcium to phosphate ratios which can form a direct bond w/ bone

Front 12

12. What is an osteoconductive material?

Back 12

A material that acts as a scaffold for new bone formation

Osteoconductive materials do not induce the differentiation of new bone forming cells

Rather it acts as a scaffold for new bone formation by osteoclasts which migrate from adjacent bone tissue

Front 13

13. What is an osteoinductive material?

Back 13

A material that causes the conversion of mesenchymal cells preferentially to bone progenitor cells

Front 14

14. What is the minimum success criteria for dental implants?

Back 14

1. An individual, unattached implant is immobile when tested clinically

2. Radiographic examination does not reveal any peri-implant radiolucency

3. After the first year in fuction, radiographic vertical bone loss is less than 0.2 mm per annum

Front 15

15. What is the minimum success criteria for dental implants?

Back 15

4. The individual implant performance is characterized by an absence of signs and symptoms such as pain, infections, neuropathies, paraesthesia, or violation of inferior dental canal

5. As a minimum, the implant should fulfill the above criteria w/ a success rate of 85% at the end of a 5 yr observation period and 80% at the end of a 10 yr period

Front 16

16. How is failure in the development of (or breakdown of) osseointegration characterized histologically?

What is the size range of dental implants?

Back 16

By contact w/ predominantly fibrous soft tissue and fibroblasts

Diameters of dental implants can range from 1.8 mm to approx 7.0 mm in diameter

Front 17

17. What are allografts?

What is a freeze-dried, demineralized particulate bone allograft?

Back 17

Tissues or organs that are transplanted from one individual to another individual

Example of an allograft material that is used extensively in dentistry and dental bone grafting

Front 18

18. What are alloplastic materials?

Back 18

Grafting materials that are composed of all synthetic materials (polymers, ceramics, metals) and contain no living components or materials derived from living tissues

Front 19

19. How do titanium implants attach to soft tissues?

Back 19

Titanium implants can demonstrate a hemi-desmosome like structure connecting the oral gingival epithelium to the titanium surface

Front 20

20. What is bioglass?

What does and does not chemically bond to bone?

Back 20

A bioactive glass containing a calcium silicone phosphate chemistry

Bioglass has demonstrated the ability to chemically bond to adjacent bone

Titanium alloy of CP titanium does not bond chemically to bone but rather forms an intimate contact w/ living bone (osseointegration)