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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of epithelial tissue?
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Surface
Glandular (endocrine and exocrine) Special (sensory and reproductive) |
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These are the Avascular layer(s) of cells
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Epithelial tissue
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What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
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protection, absorption, secretion, excretion, sensory
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How does oxygen and nutrients get to epithelial tissue?
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Oxygen and nutrients diffuse to epithelial membranes from capillaries in adjacent connective tissue
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What are the General Characteristics of Epithelium?
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Highly cellular
No direct blood supply High regenerative power |
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What is special about the surface cells of epithelium?
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Surface cells exhibit polarity
Apical – free surface Basal – attached surface Lateral – attached to other cells |
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What are the three types of simple surface epithelium?
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Squamous
Cuboidal Columnar |
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What is Stratified Epithelia named for and what types are there?
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Stratified types named for the cell shape that forms the most superficial layer
Squamous non-keratinized Keratinized Cuboidal Columnar |
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What is the one pseudostratified type of epithelium?
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Pseudostratified Columnar
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What lines lumen of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels?
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Endothelium
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What lines body cavities and covers outside free surface of organs?
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Mesothelium
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What constitutes the Serosa?
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epithelium + underlying connective tissue
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What are the types of specializations that the apical surface can have?
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Microvilli
Stereocilia Cilia |
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What are the types of specializations that the lateral surface can have?
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Zonula occludens
Zonula adherens Macula adherens Gap junctions |
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What are the types of specializations that the basal surface can have?
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Basal lamina
Hemidesmosomes Basal infoldings |
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The Basement membrane is composed of what?
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Basal Lamina
Reticular Lamina |
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What is produced by the epithelium of the basement membrane?
What is it composed of? |
Basal Lamina
Composed of type 4 collagen and laminin |
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What is produced by the fibroblasts of the basement membrane?
What is it composed of? |
Reticular Lamina
- Composed mostly of type III collagen - Continuous with underlying connective tissue |
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What are non-motile, long microvilli?
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Stereocilia
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What are the two types of Glandular Epithelium?
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Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands |
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What do Endocrine Glands Do?
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Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream
“epithelioid” cell type |
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What do Exocrine Glands Do?
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Secrete substances onto an epithelial surface or into a duct leading to the surface
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What are the two types of exocrine glands?
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-Single Cell
- Multicellular |
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Where are Goblet cells found and what do they do?
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In intestine and respiratory tracts
Contain secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm Discharge materials directly onto surface of the epithelium |
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What are the types of simple exocrine glands
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Tubular
Branched Tubular Coiled Tubular Acinar Branched Acinar |
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What are the types of compound Exocrine gland cells?
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Tubular
Acinar Tubuloacinar |
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What are Myoepithelial cells and where are they found?
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Modified epithelial cells specialized for contraction
Share the basal lamina of secretory acinar cells |
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What are acinous cells?
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Cluster of secreting cells that discharge into a duct
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What characterizes serous acinous cells?
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- Proteinaceous secretion
- Pyramidal shaped cells - Cell boundary indistinct - Spherical nucleus - Apical secretory granules - Basophilic cytoplasm around nucleus (RER) |
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What characterizes mucous acinous cells?
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Pyramidal shaped cells
Cell boundary distinct Secretory product (mucous) lost during tissue preparation Nucleus flattened and at base of cell Only slight basophilia around nucleus Mucous secretion Viscous |
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What is a serous demilune?
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Serous cells form crescent shape around a mucous acinous
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Serous demilunes are _____.
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fixation artifacts
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What happens in conventional fixation?
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Swollen mucous cells force out the serous cells, leaving small remnants of the cytoplasm between mucous cells
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What are the three types of exocrine secretion?
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Merocrine – secretions released via exocytosis
Apocrine – apical cytoplasm and membrane pinch off Holocrine – whole cell is destroyed and secreted |
