Dental Biochem Lecture 1

Front 1

Matter is composed of:

Back 1

atoms; protons, electrons, neutrons

movie: web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/3-atoms.htm

Front 2

Atomic #=

Back 2

# of protons; electron number

Front 3

Atomic Mass=

Back 3

# of protons and neutrons

Front 4

Isotopes have a different number of;

Back 4

neutrons

Front 5

Deuterium has an atomic weight of ____ and an atomic number of _____.

Back 5

2; 1

Front 6

Tritium is a 3rd isotope of;

Back 6

hydrogen

Front 7

What are some characteristics of Tritium?

Back 7

radioactive, decays into a rare stable isotope of helium and emits a beta particle

Front 8

Tritium radioactivity is due to what?

Back 8

one of the tritium neutrons decaying into a proton and electron, forming a different element. The b particle can be positive or negative charged

Front 9

Why is C(14) important?

Back 9

it is unstable and radioactive. It changes into nitrogen (7 protons, 7neut). The amount in the atmosphere is constant.

Front 10

What is the half life of Phosphorus

Back 10

14 days

Front 11

How are these radioactive elements helpful? in biochemistry

Back 11

to follow biochemical reactions and identify interactions

Front 12

How are these radioactive elements helpful? in medicine

Back 12

target cancer (thyroxine)

Front 13

How are these radioactive elements helpful? in dating bones and teeth

Back 13

ratio of c14 to c12 is ~constant over time. When organism dies the c14 is not replinished. c14 1/2 life is 12,00 years and can date back to 40,000 yrs.

Front 14

What is significant about Fluorine? (it atomic # and mass)

Back 14

It has an extra neutron....9 protons and 10 neutrons. atomic mass of 19

Front 15

Look at elements of life periodic table slide

Back 15

you suck

Front 16

what determines the chemical properties of each element?

Back 16

electrons

Front 17

______ are composed of atoms that have taken part in a chemical reaction and have lost or gained or shared electrons to complete their shells.

Back 17

Molecules

Front 18

What is an ion?

Back 18

the electrically charged atomic or molecular particle that forms an electrostatic bond.

Front 19

Hydrogen forms a ______ with Cl but a ______ with NAD+

Back 19

cation; anion

Front 20

Cations are formed when an element (reduces/oxidizes)
Anions (same Q)

Back 20

1. oxidized 2. reduced

Front 21

Crystals are what?

Back 21

electrostatically-boonded solides. They have a regular repeating number of ions in an electrically neutral geometric shape, a CRYSTAL CELL.

Front 22

What is the major Crystal in the body?

Back 22

Calcium phosphate (in bone)

Front 23

Amorphous Solids...

Back 23

electrostatically bonded with no crystal cell.

Front 24

Go over covalent bonding and polarity on your own

Back 24

slides 15-18

Front 25

sunlight oxidizes water to molecular oxygen in ....

Back 25

photosynthesis

Front 26

chemical reactions reduce molecular oxygen to water in ....

Back 26

respiration

Front 27

carbohydrates are degraded to pyruvate and NADH H. Pyruvate gainse electrons by regenerating and NAD is reduced to ______. (what reaction is this and what is the blank)

Back 27

fermentation; lactate

Front 28

______is caused by bacteria fermenting dietary sucrose to lactate and other acids

Back 28

Caries

Front 29

_______________ is associated with bacteria in the gingival pockets hydrolyzing host proteins and releasing free amino acids that are fermented to _________

Back 29

Periodontal Disease; ammonia and short chain fatty acids

Front 30

T/F Bacteria have a urea cycle to remove ammonia.

Back 30

F false fools.

Front 31

Saccharolytic bacteria ferment _______

Back 31

carbohydrates

Front 32

Describe the saccharolytic fermentation (caries) pathway! (crazy!)

Back 32

Hexose C4 changes into (2) triose phosphates (using 2 atp in the process). These are then converted to pyruvate C3 which adds 4 atps (converting NAD+ to NADH + H). Pyruvate is converted to Lactate C3 (converting the NADH + H back to NAD+).

Front 33

Describe the Assacharolytic fermentation (periodontal disease) pathway. Suck too.

Back 33

Proteins ----> amino acids --->alanine (know structure)--(+NAD ; +h2o)--->pyruvate +NADH +Ammonia

Front 34

_______ adherent to teeth surfaces ferment the sucrose to obtain energy withouth_______

Back 34

1. bacteria
2. oxygen

Front 35

production of what? causes cavities at the tooth surface

Back 35

lactate

Front 36

Most oral bacteria are ___________, require CO2 and are either saccarolytic or asaccharolytic

Back 36

micro-aerophillic

Front 37

Saccharolytic bacteria usually lie on the ______surface of teeth. Grow by hydrolyzing carbs from cell surface, saliva or food. Lactic acid is produced by _______.

Back 37

1. coronal
2. glycolysis

Front 38

Asaccharolytic usually lie _________ _____ . Products are ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and short chain fatty acids _____ ___ ____________________________.

Back 38

1. subgingivally beneath the free ginigival margins, or in crypts an d deep folds of the oral mucosa.
2.which are meade by oxidizing the amino acid residue with NADH produced by amino to keto conversion.

Front 39

What are some cell structures of a bacterial cell.

Back 39

pilus, nucleoid, ribosomes, flagellum, plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule. Look at slide with characteristics of each of these structures.