Dental Anatomy Ch 7

Front 1

Key Term:
The tissues that surround, envelop, or embed the teeth including the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, the supporting (alveolar) bone, and the alveolar mucosa.

Back 1

Periodontium or Periodontal Ligament Apparatus

Front 2

Key Term:
Inflammation (disease) of the gingiva.

Back 2

Gingivitis

Front 3

Key Term: Inflammation of the periodontium. (A spread of inflammation of the gingiva into the adjacent bone and periodontal ligament usually results in a progressively destructive change leading to loss of bone and periodontal ligament.

Back 3

Periodontitis

Front 4

Key Term:
Those pathologic processe affecting the periodontium, most often gingivitis and periodontitis.

Back 4

Periodontal diseases.

Front 5

Key Term: An organized layer consisting mainly of microorganisms that adhere to teeth (and other oral structures) and contribute to the development of gingival and periodontal diseases, as well as tooth decay (dental caries). AKA biofilm.

Back 5

Dental Plaque

Front 6

Key Term:
A hard mass that forms on teeth (or tooth substitutes) due to calcification of dental plaque.
AKA tarter

Back 6

Dental Calculus

Front 7

Key Term: The specialty of industry that encompasses the prevention, diagnoses, and treatment of diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth and their substitutes; the maintenance of the health, function, and esthetics of these structures and tissues; and the replacement of lost teeth and supporting structures by grafting or implantation of natural and synthetic devices and materials.

Back 7

Periodontics

Front 8

Key Term:
A dental practitioner who, by virtue of special knowledge and training in the field, limits his or her practice or activities to periodontics.

Back 8

Periodontist

Front 9

The right and left maxillae bones together, and the mandible, both have a process of bone called the _____________ that surrounds the roots of all healthy teeth in that arch.

Back 9

Alveolar bone.

Front 10

The root of each erupted tooth is embedded in an individual _________, or tooth socket whose shape corresponds closely with the shape of the roots of the tooth it surrounds.

Back 10

Alveolus.

Front 11

Each alveolus (tooth socket) is lined with a thin compact layer of bone seen on an x-ray as the _____________.

Back 11

Dura lamina

Front 12

The ______ is a very thin ligament composed of many fibers that connects the outer layer of the tooth root with the thin layer of dense bone (dura lamina) lining each alveolus or tooth socket.

Back 12

Periodontal Ligament (PDL)

Front 13

The entire thickness of the PDL would normally be less than ____ mm.

Back 13

1/4

Front 14

Key term:
the part of the oral tissue (oral mucosa) covered by keratinized epithelium

Back 14

Gingiva

Front 15

What is the only visible part of the periodontium that can be seen in the mouth during an oral examination?

Back 15

Gingiva

Front 16

Healthy gingiva appears (what color) and in persons with darker skin it may have (what color) pigmentation.

Back 16

pink or coral pink

brown masking pigmentation (melanin pigmentation)

Front 17

What is the consistency of healthy gingiva?
What is it's texture?

How are the margins?

Back 17

resilient and firm

stippled (like an orange peel)

thin in profile and knife edged

Front 18

What are the 4 zones of gingiva beginning at the gingival margin?

Back 18

1.free gingiva and interdental papilla
2. the free gingival groove (when present)
3. attached gingiva (highly keratinized and rich in collagen
4. mucogingival junction

Front 19

What is the moveable tissue rich in blood vessels that lines the part of the mouth between the attached gingiva and the lips, cheek, and tongue?

Back 19

Alveolar mucosa

Front 20

Which gingiva is closest to the tooth crown and is NOT firmly attached to the tooth or alveolar bone?

Back 20

Free gingiva.

Front 21

Free gingiva surrounds each tooth to form a collar of tissue with a potential space or __________ hidden between itseld and the tooth.

It extends from what to what?

Back 21

gingival sulcus

from the gingival margin to the free gingival groove (visible in about 1/3 of adults) that separates free gingiva from attached gingiva.

Front 22

Which gingiva is the part of the free gingiva between 2 adjacent teeth?

Back 22

Interdental gingiva or interproximal papilla

Front 23

There is a depression in the gingival tissue of the interproximal papilla just apical to the tooth contact called a _______.

Back 23

col.

Front 24

The ______ is not easily seen visually but can be evaluated with a periodontal probe since it is actually a potential space between the tooth surface and the narrow unattached cervical collar of free gingiva.

Back 24

gingival sulcus

Front 25

What is the gingival sulcus lined with?

It extends from what to what?

Back 25

sulcular epithelium

free gingival margin to the junctional epithelium

Front 26

The band of tissue at the most apical portion of the gingival sulcus that attaches the gingiva to the tooth.

Back 26

Junctional epithelium or epithelial attachment

Front 27

The junctional epithelium averages almost ___ mm wide.

Back 27

1 mm

Front 28

Apical to the junctional epithelium, there is a 1 to 1.5 mm _________ to the root coronal to the osseous (bony) crest of bone.

Back 28

connective tissue attachment

Front 29

Clinically, the healthy sulcus ranges in probing depth from about __-__ mm and shouldn't bleed when probed.

Back 29

1-3 mm

Front 30

Sometimes during the process of eruption of the mandibular last molar through the mucosa, a flap of tissue may remain over part of the chewing surface called a(n) ___________. It can become easily irritated during chewing and become infected. (___________)

Back 30

Operculum

Pericoronitis

Front 31

A band or zone of coral pink, keratinized mucosa that is firmly bound to the underlying bone.

Back 31

Attached gingiva

Front 32

Attached gingiva extends from what to what?
It's width varies from ___-___ mm.

Back 32

from the free gingiva to the readily movable alveolar mucosa.
3-12 mm.

Front 33

______________ is a term used to describe both free and attached gingiva since they both contain keratin.

Back 33

Keratinized gingiva

Front 34

Where is the attached gingiva most often the widest?

Back 34

on the facial aspect of maxillary anterior teeth and on the lingual aspect of mandibular molars.

Front 35

Where is the attached gingiva its narrowest?

Back 35

On the facial aspect of mandibular molars.

Front 36

A scalloped junction between attached gingiva and the looser, redder alveolar mucosa.

Back 36

mucogingival junction

Front 37

Alveolar mucosa is found in what three places?

Back 37

facially next to the maxillary attached gingiva
facially next to the mandibular attached gingiva lingually next to the mandibular attached gingiva.

Front 38

4 functions of healthy gingiva

Back 38

1. support
2. protection
3. esthetics
4. phonetics

Front 39

What does the periodontal ligament consist of?

What does it attach?

Back 39

numerous collagen fiber bundles

cementum of the tooth to the alveolar bony socket

Front 40

Periodontal ligament fibers include (4)

Back 40

Alveolar crest fibers
Horizontal fibers
Oblique fibers
Apical fibers

Front 41

The periodontal ligament, especially the ________ fibers, provides the majority of support for the teeth and resistance to forces such as those encountered during chewing.

Back 41

oblique fibers

Front 42

In health, the level of the interproximal alveolar bone is _______ mm apical to the level of the CEJs of adjacent teeth.

Back 42

1-2 mm

Front 43

Traditionally, perio disease begins as _______.

Back 43

Gingivitis

Front 44

Gingivitis inflammation results over time in response to what?

Back 44

the body's response to harmful metabolic products of bacterial colonies within dental plaque that are in close proximity to gingival tissue.

Front 45

Visually, the inflammation and edema of dental plaque-induced gingivitis can result in redness; how does this appear?

Back 45

swollen margins
smooth and shiny surface texture or loss of stippling

Loss of resiliency

Front 46

______ is the most common form of perio disease.

Back 46

Chronic Periodontitis

Front 47

Chronic perio:
Rate of progression?
Most prevalent in who?
Associated with what?

Back 47

slow
adults
plaque and dental calculus

Front 48

A second form of perio disease is AGGRESSIVE PERIO:
Early or late age of onset?
Rate of attachment loss and bone destruction?

Back 48

early age
Rapid rate

Front 49

Both forms of perio can result in _____ formation and/or exposure of _______.

Back 49

pocket formation
the cementum (which is less mineralized than enamel making the root more susceptible to dental decay.)

Front 50

To date, only two risk factors are proven to increase the odds of perio disease and progression and tooth loss: ______ and ______

Back 50

smoking and diabetes

Front 51

the loss of gingival tissue (usually with loss of underlying bone) resulting in the exposure of more root surface.

Back 51

Gingival recession

Front 52

I gingival recession, the gingival margin is _______ to the CEJ, and the papillae may be _______ or ______, and no longer fill the ________ ________.

Back 52

apical
blunted or rounded
interporximal embrasure

Front 53

Gingival recession is more common in what age?

Back 53

Older

Front 54

Conditions that contribute to gingival recession around individual teeth, especially in the presence of plaque, are (3)

Back 54

1. poorly aligned teeth in an arch
2. lack of attached gingiva
3. aggressive tooth brushing

Front 55

Whats the difference in thin and thick perio tissues?

Back 55

thin, have prominent roots that are not completely covered with bone.

thick, thicker plates of bone or gingival tissues.

Front 56

Thick perio:

the thick ledges of bone are called ________.

Back 56

exostoses (eck-sos-TOE-sis)

Front 57

An isolated area of tooth root denuded of its bony covering is called root ____________. It may or may not be covered in soft tissue.

Back 57

dehiscence (dee HISS enss)