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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 5 actions of angiotensin
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Increased vasc. tone
Increased secretion of aldosterone Increased NA retention in PT Increased sympathetic tone Increased ADH secretion |
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4 controls of urination
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- Spinal reflex contraction of detrusor in response to increased bladder pressure
- Parasymp. inhibited by higher function - Involuntary sphincter controlled by parasymp. input from sacral plexus - Voluntary sphincter control by somatic nerves |
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Describe how angiotensin preserves GFR in resonpse to poor renal perfusion
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Systemic arteriolar constriction to divert blood to kidney, Efferent glomerular arteriole constricts to enhance filtration. the afferent does not.
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Name 2 sites along the nephron at which Na+ absorption occurs and name one physiological regulator at each
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PCT - angiotensin II, DCT - aldosterone
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Name one drug that elevates plasma K+ conc.
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Suxamethonium, Spironolactone
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Name one drug that reduces plasma K+ conc.
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Furosemide
Insulin |
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Why does hypocalcaemia causes muscle excitability?
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Due to the lack of shielding on Na+ channels
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Name 2 sites in the nephron where water absoprtion occurs and indicate teh primary drivign source for movement of water
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PCT - Na+ gradient from lumen to capillary
CD - solute gradient between lumen and renal medulla |
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What effect will angiotensin II have on systolic BP, diastlic BP and HR?
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Increase, Increase, Increase
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Name 2 mechanisms that help keep protein out of the urine
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Pore size
Charge of glomerular filter Pinocytosis of filtered protein at th end of PT |
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Name one disease that may result in proteinuria
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Glomerulonephritis
Damage to glomerular membrane - like immune attack |
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Name 2 systemic consequences of urinary protein loss with may be detected from a clinical history or exam
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Pulmonary oedema, Ankle oedema
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What effect will adrenaline have on renal blood flow, and outine the mechanism
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Decreses - direct vasoconstriction of renal arterioles via alpha receptors
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What effect will enalapril have on renal blood flow, and outine the mechanism
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Decreases - prevents angiotensin-mediated dilation fo renal arterioles
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What effect will propranolol have on renal blood flow, and outine the mechanism
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Decreases - reduces CO and renin release, with both contribute to decrease the blood flow
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What effect will furosemide have on renal blood flow, and outine the mechanism
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Increases - direct vasodilator effect on renal vasculature
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What effect does angiotensin have on renal plasma flow in a normal patient?
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Increase
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What effect does angiotensin have on GFR in a normal patient?
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Increase
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What effect does angiotensin have on renal Na+ excretion in a normal patient?
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Decrease
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What effect does angiotensin have on systolic arterial pressure in a normal patient?
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Increase
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Name 3 effects of atrial natriuretic peptide
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NatriuresisVasodilationAntagonism of action of angiotensin
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List 3 causes of nocturia and list one symptom for each
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Diabetes mellitus - polydipsia
Prostatic hypertrophy - hesitancy to urinate Cardiac failure - exercise intolerance |
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Name one substance whose abnormal concentration in the plasma might indicated renal impairment
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Creatinine
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