Dennis - Infectionimmunity

Front 1

Pathogenic features of Staphylococcus

Back 1

Coagulase

Catalase

Front 2

Activation of the Complement system

Back 2

Classical pathway - antibody binding

Alternative pathway - C3 activated by extrinsic antigens like LPS

Mannose-binding lectin pathway - Lectins from liver bind to microbial mannose

Front 3

Functions of Compliment system

Back 3

Opsonisation - C3b facilitates phagocytosis, Chemotaxis - C3a and C5a, Membrane attack complex - cell lysis

Front 4

Name the functions and characteristics of IgM

Back 4

Pentamer, First response, High avidity, Low affinity

Front 5

Name the functions and characteristics of IgG

Back 5

Monomer, Produced on second exposure, High affinity, Lower avidity

Front 6

Name the functions and characteristics of IgA

Back 6

Dimer, Epithelial protection, High affinity, Moderate avidity

Front 7

Name the functions and characteristics of IgE

Back 7

Monomer, Activates mast cells, Allergic response

Front 8

Name the functions and characteristics of IgD

Back 8

Monomer, B-lymphocyte surface antibody

Front 9

In anaphylaxis, what blood vessel leads to swelling of the face and hands

Back 9

Post-capillary venules

Front 10

Name a common gram-negative cause of septic arthritis

Back 10

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 11

Name a common gram-positive cause of septic arhtritis

Back 11

Staphylcoccus or Streptococcus

Front 12

Name 4 phaogcytic cells of the immune system

Back 12

Monocytes, Macrophages, Neutrophils, Dendritic cells

Front 13

List 5 side-effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy

Back 13

Redistribution of fat

Susceptability to infection

Fluid retention

Osteoporosis

Adrenocortical suppression

Glucose intolderance

Front 14

Name 3 bacteria that commonly cause bloody diarrhoea in the UK

Back 14

Haemorrhagic E.coli, Campylobacter, Shigella

Front 15

List 2 disease processes, apart from infection, that you would consider in the differential diagnosis of bloody diarrhoea

Back 15

IBD, Ischaemic bowel, Neoplasia

Front 16

Name one bacterium that would cause meningitis in a previously-healthy 21yo

Back 16

Streptococcus pneumonia or Neisseria meningitidis

Front 17

Name one bacterium that would cause urethral discharge in a 25yo man

Back 17

Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis

Front 18

Name one bacterium that would cause an abscess on the leg of a healthy 50yo man

Back 18

Staphylcoccus aureus

Front 19

Name one bacterium that would cause cellulitis following a cut to the skin

Back 19

Streptococcus pyogenes

Front 20

Name one bacterium that would cause a swollen, painful knee with recent discomfort on passign urine and penile urethral discharge

Back 20

Neisseria gonorrhaoeae

Front 21

Name one micro-organism that would cause swollen, tender testicles with a recent history of sore throat with mildly swollen lymoh nodes in the neck and lower jaw but not elsewhere

Back 21

Mumps virus

Front 22

Name one bacterium that would cause sudden bloody diarrgoea in a previously fit and healthy adult

Back 22

Escherichia coli

Front 23

Name one bacterium that would cause diarrhoea, without any blood, in a previously fit and well adult

Back 23

Clostridium perfringens

Front 24

Name one bacterium that would cause diarrhoea in a sick hospitalised adult patient

Back 24

Clostridium difficile

Front 25

Name 4 types of lymphocyte in the immune system and outline the fucntions of each

Back 25

B cell - produces antibodies when activated by a specifc antigen,
CD4+ helper T cell - recognises antigen presented to it by APCs and releases cytokiens to stimulate B cells,
CD8+ cytotoxic T cell - releases toxic granules to trigger apoptosis in infected cells. MHC-I restricted
Natural killer cells - recognise abnormal levels of MHC-I on cell surfaces and kill affected cells by reelease of cytotoxic granules. Must be activated by cytokiens or antibodies.

Front 26

A virus-infected cell undergoes apoptosis in response to signals from which cell?

Back 26

T lymhocyte

Front 27

What class of antibody is found in the secretions of the GIT?

Back 27

IgA

Front 28

The subcutaneous lump at the site of a BCG vaccination contains predominantely which type of lymphocyte?

Back 28

CD4+ T helper cell

Front 29

Name one bacterium that would cause a chest infection with production of green sputum ad a raised temperature

Back 29

Haemophilus influenzae

Front 30

Name one bacterium that would cause a tender swelling on the neck which begins to discharge pus in response to squeezing it

Back 30

Staphylococcus epidermis

Front 31

Name one bacterium that would cause painless, cream-coloured discharge from the penile urethra

Back 31

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 32

Name one bacterium that would cause sudden onset of fever, headache and vomiting with no rash or joint pain

Back 32

Neisseria meningitidis

Front 33

Name one bacterium that would cause sudeen onset of blood ydiarrhoea with no recent history of foreign travel

Back 33

Escherichia coli

Front 34

Describe the acute effects of histamine

Back 34

Vasodilation and Bronchoconstriction

Front 35

The synthesis of what inflammatory compounds is suppressed by coritcosteroids?

Back 35

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes

Front 36

What compound is characteristic of the structure of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria?

Back 36

LPS

Front 37

Which receptor is central to the activation of the innate immune system in response to Gram-negative bacteria?

Back 37

TLR

Front 38

Which cell type is most likely to be found in abundance in the blood of an asthma sufferer?

Back 38

Eosinophil

Front 39

What enzyme is produced by most Staphylococci but not Streptococci?

Back 39

Catalase

Front 40

After splenectomy name 3 organisms that the patient is susceptible to

Back 40

Neisseria Meningitidis

Haemophilus Influenzae

Strep. Pneumoniae