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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ephaptic conduction?
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After nerve injury, increased spontaneous firings from newly formed nerves form. Atypical connections develop between neighboring neurons leading to "cross-talk" or ephaptic conduction"
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What are the imaging McDonald's Criteria?
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3 out of the following:
1) 1 Gd enh lesion or 9 T2 hyperintense lesions 2) 1 juxtacortical 3) 1 infratentorial 4) > 3 periventricular |
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What are Dawson's fingers?
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ovoid shaped, abutting ventricles about 3 mm in size, perpendicular to ventricles. These result from T cell damage along the venules that are perpendicular to the ventricles.
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What are the 4 subtypes of MS?
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Relapsing Remitting
Progressive Relapsing Secondary Progressive Primary Progressive |
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What percentage of patients have pleoctyosis?
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more than 1/3 of patients
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What percentage of patients have positive oligoclonal bands?
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90% in definite MS *at some point in disease
**Usually they have at least 2 OCBS |
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How often do Gd Enhancing lesions last in MS?
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4-6 weeks
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What is the maximum dose of Baclofen
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80 mg/day divided into 4 doses
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What is the maximum dose of Tizanidine?
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36 mg daily
SE: somnolence,asthenia, dry mouth, liver toxicity rare, orthostatic hypotension, careful in elderly and renal impairment |
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What is the pop sensation correlate to anatomically during a lumbar puncture?
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Puncture of the ligamentum flavum
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What are the layers you enter with your spinal needle?
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1) Skin/Subcutaneous tissue
2) Supraspinous ligament 3) Interspinous ligament 4) Ligamentum flavum 5) Epidural space venous plexus 6) Arachnoid 7) Subarachnoid |
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What percentage of patients with MS present with optic neuritis?
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25%
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What is balo's concentric sclerosis?
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MS variant with bands of demyelinating and remyelinating disease
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What is Schilder's disease?
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variant of MS with aggressive disease course, deafness or cortical blindness and demyelination involving entire hemisphere or corpus collosum
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What is Cogan's syndrome?
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interstitial keratitis + inner ear abnormality
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What is Alport's syndrome?
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sensorineural hearing loss + interstial nephritis X linked
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What is Usher's syndrome?
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sensorineural hearing loss+ retinitis pigementosa (autosomal recessive)
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What are the significant pathologic findings in this patient with susppected PML?
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Bizzare astrocytes, lipid-laden ballooned oligodendrocytes with ground glass inclusions
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