Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Where does impaired insight localize to?
|
frontal lobes
|
|
|
Where does memory impairment localize to?
|
hippocampi or hte medial temporal lobes
|
|
|
Where does disorientation to place localize to?
|
impaired attention and memory; to frontal and temporal lobes
|
|
|
Unable to finds things that one has hidden localizes to?
|
memory; temporal lobes
|
|
|
Difficulty with calculations localizes to?
|
nondominanet parietal lobe
|
|
|
Disorientation to time localizes to?
|
impaired memory and attention; localize to temporal and frontal lobes, respectively
|
|
|
Paranoid/mean localizes to?
|
frontal lobes
|
|
|
Memory impairment localizes to?
|
temporal lobes
|
|
|
Visuospatial impairment (getting lost) localizes to?
|
parietal lobes
|
|
|
Can't read digital clock localizes to?
|
nondominant partietal lobe (spatial organization)
|
|
|
Gets time of day confused localizes to?
|
frontal (attention) and temporal (memory)
|
|
|
Difficulty dressing (motor apraxia) localizes to?
|
dominant parietal lobe
|
|
|
Inability to spell world backwards localizes to?
|
frontal lobe- decreased attention
|
|
|
Inability to recall objects after three minutes localizes to?
|
temporal lobe (memory)
|
|
|
Inability to name president/VP localizes to?
|
temporal lobe (memory impairment)
|
|
|
Impaired calculations localizes to?
|
dominant parietal lobe, or could be frontal lobe if due to decreased attention
|
|
|
In pseudodementia, is patient aware of symptoms?
|
yes, and pt. is bothered by them
|
|
|
Which dementia affects recent memory first?
|
Alzheimer's
|
|
|
Which dementia is characterized by early Parkinsonism, fluctuating mental status, and hallucinations?
|
Lewy Body
|
|
|
Which dementia presents first with personality and behavior changes?
|
Frontotemporal dementia
|
|
|
Is dementia due to neurosyphilis reversible?
|
yes, if diagnosed early
|
|
|
How does HIV dementia present?
|
similar to Alzheimer's
|
|
|
What imaging test would you do to diagnose dementia?
|
MRI- can id focal lesions, hydrocephalus, cortical atrophy
|
|
|
Neuropsychological testing helps with that?
|
revealing patterns of dysfunction and helping to narrow down type of dementia; monitoring changes over time
|
|
|
What kinds of labs would you get in a pt. who had sypmtoms of dementia?
|
CBC, B12/folate, chemistries, VDRL, TSH
|
|
|
What are the histologic features of Alzheimer's disease?
|
neurofibrillary tangles, senile (amyloid) plaques
|
|
|
What protein is part of neurofibrillary tangles?
|
tau
|
|
|
Where are neurofibrillary tangles found?
|
inside neurons
|
|
|
What protein is part of senile plaques?
|
beta amyloid
|
|
|
Where are senile plaques found?
|
extracellular, within the synaptic cleft, impair transmission at the synapse
|
|
|
What parts of the brain are affected first in Alzheimer's?
|
hippocampus (medial temporal lobe) and posterior parieto-temporal cortex
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of parietotemporal cortex degeneration?
|
impaired word finding, calculations, spatial manipulation
|
|
|
What is akinetic mutism?
|
increased passiveness which progresses to cessation of movement and speaking; pt. appears alert
|
|
|
What types of drugs can be used to treat Alzheimer's?
|
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine); NMDA antagonist (memantine)
|
|
|
In what phase of Alzheimers do you use ACh inhibitors?
|
mild to moderate
|
|
|
In what stage of Alzheimer's do you use memantine?
|
moderate to severe
|
|
|
What does glutamate have to with memory?
|
Glutamate activates the NMDA receptors, allowing calcium influx, which leads to "laying down" of new memory
|
|
|
What happens to glutamate in Alzheimer's?
|
too much glutamate is released, causing neurotixc influx of calcium
|
|
|
What anti-psychotic would you use in Alzheimer's
|
haloperidol
|
|
|
What drugs would you avoid for aggression/psychosis in Alzheimer's?
|
risperidone, benzodiazepines
|
