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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dementia
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• Acquired, progressive impairment of intellectual
function, involving: • Language • Memory • Visuospatial skills • Emotion or personality • Cognition (calculation, judgment, attention) |
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Dementia is caused by ________
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diffuse, rather than focal damage
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3 types of dementia
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1. Reversible
2. Cortical 3. Subcortical |
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Reversible
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Related to:
- Drugs • Infection • Tumor • Depression • Congestive heart failure |
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Cortical
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Alzheimer's Disease
Most common cortical 25-35% of all dementias |
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Characteristics of Alzheimer's disease
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• Severe memory impairment
• Forgetting location of objects • Difficulty with orientation to time, place, and person • Difficulty learning and retaining new material |
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Memory in Alz Dis
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Memory type
Declarative - world knowledge Episodic - events Procedural - actions/procedures - relatively preserved |
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Sph/Lang in AD
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• Fluent, but “empty” speech
• Word-finding difficulty (anomia) • Semantic errors are common • “Animal” for “horse” • thematically fragmented • Verbal fluency is impaired • Persevervations • Reduced communication initiation |
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Language in AD
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Speech production
Lang form Lang Content Lang Use |
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More difficult
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Story Retelling
Generative naming |
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Less difficult
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automatic speech
imitative speech |
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Cognitive impairments of AD
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Poor concentration
Poor problem solving |
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Other impairments AD
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Personality disturbance
motor difficulties psychiatric disturbance behavioral signs -delusions, agitation, violence, hallucinations |
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Etiology AD
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Multiple factors
• Genetic • Toxic exposure • Environmental factors • Nutrition |
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Risk factors AD
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• Confirmed risk factors:
• Old age • Family history • Down’s syndrome • Family history of Down syndrome • Head trauma |
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Changes in the brain related to AD
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• Cortical atrophy
• Neurofibrillary tangles • twists of filament in the neuron cell body • Neuritic plaques • misshapen axons/dendrites |
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Subcortical dementia Diseases
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Parkinsons- some develop dementia
Huntington's - dementia common later in disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS- dementia may occur, frontal and/or temporal lobes |
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Substantia nigra
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The substantia nigra is dark in a normal brain bc dopamine-producing neurons are highly pigmented.
As neurons die from Parkinson's the color fades. |
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Multi-infarct dementia
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Also a common form of dementia
Caused by repeated strokes Commonly associated with • High blood pressure • Impaired cardiac function • Diabetes • Cigarette smoking |
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Signs/symptoms of multi-infarct dementia
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• Fluctuating abilities
• Confusion at night • Depression • You might also see: • Slowness • Weakness • Dysarthria • Dysphagia, |
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Assessment
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Family physician 1st step in diagnosis
Neurologists and SLPs |
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SLP role in AD
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• Differential diagnosis (e.g., from aphasia)
• Appropriate referrals • Management role changes with progression |
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SLH eval
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ID other factors
Assists in intervention planning - Az battery for Comm Disorders of Dementia (ABCD) |
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Therapy
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• Compensatory tools and techniques
• Simplify language • Memory devices • Use relative strengths to help with overall communication abilities • Group activities • Long-term memory • Can also work on abilities that are impaired such as short- term memory |
