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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA
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- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Molecule that contains our genetic code |
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Deoxyribose
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- Sugar found in DNA
- Makes up part of the backbone of the DNA molecule |
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Phosphate Group
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Makes up the other half of the DNA backbone
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Nitrogen Bases
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- Makes up the "rungs" of the DNA molecule
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Helicase
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Enzyme that "unzips" the DNA molecule in DNA replication
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DNA polymerase
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Enzyme that adds new DNA bases to the old DNA chain during replication
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DNA replication
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Process of copying DNA
1) Helicase attaches to DNA, makes DNA unwind 2) DNA polymerase adds new nitrogen bases to the old strand 3) In the end there are two exact copies of DNA, each has one old and one new strand |
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Ribose
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- Sugar found in RNA
- Makes up part of the backbone of the RNA molecule |
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RNA Transcription
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Process of making RNA from a DNA strand
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RNA polymerase
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Enzyme that causes DNA to unwind, and adds new RNA nitrogen bases
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mRNA
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- Messenger RNA
- carries genetic info to the site of protein synthesis - single uncoiled strand |
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tRNA
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- Transfer RNA
- carries ribosomes to the site of protein synthesis - hairpin or clover shape |
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rRNA
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- Ribosomal RNA
- makes up half of a ribosome - globular shape |
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hydrogen bonds
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weak bonds between the bases of DNA, allows DNA to split apart so it can be copied
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promoter
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- beginning of a gene
- where RNA polymerase attaches to DNA to start making a RNA chain |
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termination signal
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- end of a gene
- where RNA stops copying DNA during transcription |
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Differences between DNA and RNA
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- DNA has two chains, RNA has one
- No Thymine in RNA, replaced with Uracil - Different sugars (ribose in RNA) |
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Ways mutations occur in DNA
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Chemicals, UV rays, extreme heat
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Where does DNA replication occur?
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In the Nucleus
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Where does RNA transcription occur?
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In the Nucleus
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Where does RNA translation occur?
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In the cytoplasm
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