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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases
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cognitive impairment
depression, weakness, dizziness, gait difficulty, bowel/bladder incontinence, pain, sensory impairment |
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prevelance of alzheimers
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500/100K
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prevelance of parkinson's
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170/100K
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prevelance of huntingtons
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5/100K
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prevelance of ALS
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2/100K
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what is the most common cause of dementia
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alzheimers
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what are metabolic causes of dementia
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B12 deficiency
hypothyroidism hypoglycemia |
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what are infectious causes of dementia
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syphilis
HIV |
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how are weirnicke's and korsakoffs syndrome reversed
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administration of thiamine
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other causes of dementia
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CNS masses, Normal pressure hydrocephalus, Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, Lewy body disease, picks disease, parkinsons disease
huntingtons disease |
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what labs are ordered for dementia
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B12, RPR/VRDL, TSH, Glucose, electrolytes
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what brain imaging is done for dementia
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CT or MRI
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pathology for alzheimers
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senial plaques containing beta-amyloid
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what are symptoms for alzheimers
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short term memory loss
long term memory intact |
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early symptoms of alzheimers
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paranoia
delusions sundowning |
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what are late symptoms of alzheimers
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aphasia
apraxia focal neurologic deficits |
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what is treatment for alzheimers
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acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
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three common ACh inhibitors in use for alzheimers
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donepezil
rivastigmine galantamine |
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where do all these drugs have effect at
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on cholinergic neurons at basal nuclei of meynert
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what is goal of treatment of alzheimers
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stabalize congnitive loss and help patients remain home as long as possible
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what is pathophysiology of multi-infarct dementia
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multiple cortical or sub cortical strokes
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risk factors for multi infarct dementia
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age
htn diabetes prior stroke tobacco use |
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how are muti infarct and alzheimers different
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cognition worsens in step wise approach rather than gradually
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what is treatment for multi infarct dementia
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prevention of stroke
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pathology of parkinsons
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degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra with lewy bodies in cortex and substantia nigra
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what is the classic tetrad of symptoms with parkinsons
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tremor at rest
rigidity akinesia/bradykinesia postural instability |
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what are other symptoms of parkinsons
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micrographia, shuffling gait, drooling dysphagia, masked facies, reduced arm swing
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if degeneration is faster the 5yr what should you suspect
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another parkinsonian process other than PD
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first line treatment of PD
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parmipexole
ropinirole bromocriptine dopaminergic agonist that allow use of levadopa to be delayed |
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drugs to reduce tremors of PD
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trihexyphenidyl
amantidine benztropine |
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dopamine agents for PD
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carbidopa and levodopa
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which dopamine agent had better efficacy in PNS
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carbidopa
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inhertiance of huntingtons
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autosomal dominant
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what is cause of huntingtons based on
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trinucleotide repeats
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what chromosome is effected with huntingtons
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4
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what represents complete penetrance of huntington gene
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>42 repeats
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when is onset of huntingtons
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4th-5th decade
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what are the clinical manifestation of huntingtons
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psychiatric changes like psychosis and depression
tremor and incoordination apraxia for oral movements dysphagia |
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what is resulting pathology
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caudate nucleus wasting
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what is only treatment for huntingtons
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dopamine agonist like haloperidol
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what cells are affected in ALS
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anterior horn cells
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onset of ALS
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4th-5th decade
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clinical signs of ALS
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weakness in diffuse muscle groups
fasiculations atrophy |
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diagnosis of ALS
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usually clinical
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what is done to confirm diagnosis of ALS
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electromyography and nerve conduction studies of three limbs and the thoracic paraspinal muscles to confirm diagnosis
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what diseases does ALS mimic
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HIV
hypercalcemia lyme disease hypothyroidism peripheral polyneuropathy of mononeuritis multiplex |
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average time to death
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24-36 months
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treatment for ALS
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riluzole
glutamate inhibitor inactivates Na channels |
