Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Oculovestibular response
|
Automatic eye movements by injecting ice water into the ear of a comatose patient, also called "caloric testing" no response predicts poor outcome
|
|
Oklahoma Premorbid intelligence estimate (OPIE)
|
Estimates premorbid IQ developed on WAIS-R standardization sample combining demographic info with performance on Vocab and Picture Completion subtests
|
|
Olfactory groove meningioma
|
Originates in arachnoidal cells along cribiform plate and may involve ipsilateral or bilateral anosmia and mental changes including abulia, confusion, forgetfulness, and inappropriate jocularity
|
|
Olivopontocerebellar degeneration
|
A parkinson plus syndrome characterized by cerebellar ataxia, postural instability, tremor, and dysarthria inherited and sporadic forms have been reported there is a loss of neurons in the pons and cerebellum
|
|
On-off phenomenon
|
The tendency for anti-parkinsonian drug effects to suddenly wear off leaving the pt with decreased mobility timing can be highly unpredictable in some parkinsonian pts it is called wearing-off phenomenon when the transition less severe
|
|
Opponent process theory of color vision
|
3 pairs of color antagonists red-green blue-yellow black-white excitation of one of the pair inhibits the other
|
|
Optic agraphia
|
The inability to copy written or printed words while being capable of writing from dictation associated lesions are in the posterior language dominant hemisphere
|
|
Optokinetic nystagmus
|
A normal involuntary rhythmic eye movement induced by looking at moving visual stimuli eyes follow stimulus until no longer comfortable then move quickly in opposite direction and fixate on different object Abolished with parietal lobe lesions but used to infer psychogenic blindness in patients who claim they are unable to see
|
|
Organophosphate compounds
|
Irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase found in phosphoric acid insecticides and chemical warfare gases widespread toxic effects CNS and PNS including delayed neurologic effects including weakness and ataxia several weeks after exposure Wallerian Degeneration occurs in medulla spinal cord and peripheral nerves
|
|
Orthography
|
The written form of language
|
|
Orthostatic hypertension
|
A sudden decline in blood pressure that occurs after a rapid change in position
|
|
O-sign
|
Continuous open mouth (colloquial) seen in dementia and severe TBI
|
|
Paeleostriatum
|
Another term for Globus pallidus involved in the regulation of voluntary movement receives input from the called the striatum, the caudate nucleus and the putamen. This data is routed to the thalamus, either directly or indirectly.
|
|
Palatal lift
|
A fitted device worn against the palate to improve speech in severely dysarthric pts
|
|
Palilalia
|
Repetition of syllables words or phrases occurring at the end of an utterance characterlistically increase in speed but decrease in volume often present in Parkinsonism and attributed to basal ganglia disease
|
|
Palinopsia
|
Visual perseveration characterized by the continuance of a visual sensation after the stimulus no longer present seen in depressed visual fields, but does not occur in visual fields that are completely blind associated with both occipital and parietal lobe lesions
|
|
Pallidum
|
Another term for globus pallidus the inner and lighter gray portion of the lentiform nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus) within the basal ganglia it is large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule
|
|
Palmomental reflex
|
Also called a frontal lobe release sign (primitive reflexes traditionally held to be a sign of disorders that affect the frontal lobes) elicited by scraping the palm with sharp object that produces an ipsilateral mental muscle chin
|
|
Frontal lobe release signs (6) and their role in infancy
|
1 Palmar grasp Baby naturally grabs objects
2 Palmomental reflex unknown 3 Rooting reflex Baby finds breast to suckle. 4 Sucking reflex Baby sucks breast / bottle to get milk 5 Snout reflex Involved in suckling 6 Glabellar reflex May protect eyes in some situations |
|
Palsy
|
Partial paralysis or paresis
|
|
Panecephalitis
|
Inflammation of the entire brain resulting in both white and gray lesions typically viral in origin
|
|
Pantomime recognition test
|
Ability to understand meaningful nonlingual pantomimed actions presented on videotape and pt points to correct object used normally with aphasics
|
|
Papez circuit
|
Limbic relationships proposed 1937 as the substrate for controlling emtions and emotional expression according to him hippcampo-mamillo-thalamo-cingulate-hippocampal circuit
|
|
Papilla, optic
|
Point of entry of the optic nerve into the eye
|
|
Papilledema
|
Blurring of the margins of the optic disc that results from increased intracranial pressure transmitted to the disk through the optic nerve
|
|
Papillitis
|
Inflammation of the optic nerve where it enters the eye typically caused by excerbation of multiple sclerosis
|
|
Paragrammatism
|
Inaccurate selection of function words the convey grammatical information, of grammatical forms, and of word order. Paragrammatism may be evident in spoken or written language
|
|
Paragraphia
|
Written spelling errors or written word substitutions that result from altered language function
|
|
Paralexia
|
A reading error consisting of a sound or word substitution during the act of reading miscomprehension or paraphasic oral reading semantic paralexia=reading error of semantically related word eg gun pistol visual paralexi= misreading word substituted shares many letters eg wife life
|
|
Parallel distributed processing PDP
|
model neural processing incorporates both parallel and serial processing functions with each processing unit functioning locally and in parallel with other units. Info assumed to be distributed throughout the brain with memory and knowledge dependent on the pattern of unit connectivity
|
|
Parallel tests
|
Another name for alternate tests that are constructed to be similar in content high in reliability and equivalent also named alternate forms
|
|
Paralysis agitans
|
Latin term used by James parkinson to describe the shaking palsy = parkinsons disease
|
|
Paramnesia
|
False memory
|
|
Paraneoplastic syndromes
|
Remote disorders associated with carcinoma that do not result from tumor effects often involving the nervous system and precede the diagnosis of cancer. Most common is limbic encephalitis where the primary tumor is typically lung cancer
|
|
Paraphasia
|
Incorrect word selection (semantic or verbal)
|