Definitions Ib Biology - Topic 3 The Chemistry Of Life

Front 1

What are the most common elements in living things?

Back 1

-Carbon C
-Hydrogen H
-Oxygen O
-Nitrogen N

Front 2

State the name of elements other than C,H,O and N that are needed by living organisms

Back 2

-Sulphur S
-Calcium Ca
-Phosphorus P
-Iron Fe
-Sodium Na

Front 3

What is the role of Sulphur?

Back 3

Important element in some amino acid

Front 4

What is the role of Calcium?

Back 4

Found in bones and teeth

Front 5

What is the role of Phosphorus?

Back 5

Found in cell membranes and nucleotides (DNA)

Front 6

What is the role of Iron?

Back 6

Found in haemoglobin (oxygen carrier in red blood cell)

Front 7

What is the role of sodium?

Back 7

Needed for nerve impulse

Front 8

Draw a water molecule

Back 8

Front 9

Outline the thermal properties (heat capacity) of water

Back 9

Water has a large heat capacity. Blood is mainly composed of water and can carry heat from warmer part of the body to cooler part. It is a transport medium for heat.

Front 10

Outline the thermal properties (boiling point) of water

Back 10

Water has a high boiling point (100C). It is below boiling point and above freezing point in most area on earth. As a liquid it can act as the medium for metabolic reaction.

Front 11

Outline the thermal properties (cooling effect) of water

Back 11

Water molecules can evaporate below boiling point. Evaporation from plants (transpiration) and from human skins (sweat) has useful cooling effect. Water can be used as a coolant.

Front 12

Outline the cohesive properties of water

Back 12

Water molecules stick to each other because of the hydrogen bond between them.

Front 13

Outline the solvent properties of water

Back 13

Many different substances dissolve in water because of its polarity. Water is the medium for metabolic reaction and can also be used as a transport medium

Front 14

Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds

Back 14

Organic = compounds containing carbon
Inorganic = no carbon

Front 15

Identify the molecule

Back 15

Amino acid

Front 16

Identify the molecule

Back 16

Glucose

Front 17

Identify the molecule

Back 17

Fatty acid

Front 18

Identify the molecule

Back 18

Ribose

Front 19

List three examples of monosaccharides

Back 19

-glucose
-galactose
-fructose

Front 20

List three examples of disaccharides

Back 20

-maltose
-lactose
-sucrose

Front 21

List three examples of polysaccharides

Back 21

-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose

Front 22

State one function of glucose in animals

Back 22

Transport energy to cells throughout the body

Front 23

State one function of lactose in animals

Back 23

Sugar in milk, provided energy to young mammals

Front 24

State one function of glycogen in animals

Back 24

Store energy in liver and muscle cells

Front 25

State one function of fructose in plants

Back 25

Used to make fruit sweet-tasting

Front 26

State one function of sucrose in plants

Back 26

Carried by phloem to transport energy throughout the plant

Front 27

State one function of cellulose in plants

Back 27

Used to construct the cell wall

Front 28

State three functions of the lypids

Back 28

-energy storage (fat in humans and oil in plants)
-heat insulation
-buoyancy

Front 29

State the name of the four bases in DNA

Back 29

-adenine A
-guanine G
-thymine T
-cytosine C

Front 30

Outline the DNA structure

Back 30

-sugar (deoxyribose)
-base
-phosphate

Front 31

How are DNA nucleotides linked together?

Back 31

By covalent bonds

Front 32

How is the DNA double helix formed?

Back 32

-complementary base pairing (A-T and C-G)
-hydrogen bonds between bases

Front 33

Identify the structures of the nucleotide

Back 33

Front 34

What is the name of the enzyme that unzips the DNA strands?

Back 34

Helicase

Front 35

Outline the process of DNA replication (SL only)

Back 35

-Helicase unwinds DNA double helix and separates strands
-formation of complementary strands by DNA polymerase

Front 36

What is the name of the enzyme that links the nucleotides on the new strand during DNA replication? (SL only)

Back 36

DNA polymerase

Front 37

Compare the structure of DNA and RNA

Back 37

DNA vs RNA
-double strand vs single strand
-thymine base vs uracil base
-deoxyribose vs ribose

Front 38

Outline DNA transcription

Back 38

-formation of a RNA strand complementary to the DNA strand

Front 39

How many bases form a codon?

Back 39

Three

Front 40

What is the name of the enzyme used in DNA transcription?

Back 40

RNA polymerase