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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sensation
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teh detection of teh elementary properties of a stimulus
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perception
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teh detection of the more complex properties of a stimulus including its location and nature; involves learning
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transduction
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the conversion of physical stimuli into changes in the actibity of receptor cells of sensory organs
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receptor cell
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a neuron that directly responds to a physical stimulus such as light, vibrations, ot aromatic molecules
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ANATOMICAL CODING
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A means by which the nervous system represents information different features are coded by teh activity of different neurons
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temporal coding
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a means by which the nervous system represents information different features are coded by the pattern of activity of neurons
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psychophysics
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a branch of psych that measures the quantitive relation between physical stimuli and perceptual experience
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just noticeable difference (jnd)
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the smallest diffrent two similar stimuli that can be distinguished aksi called difference threshhold
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weber's fraction
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the ratio between a just noticeable diffrence an the magnitude of a stimulus reasonably constant over the middle range of most stimulus intensities
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threshold
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the point at which a stimulus or a change in teh value of a stimulus can just be detected
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signal detection theory
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a mathematical theory o fthe detection of stimuli which involves discriminating a signal from the noice in which it is embedded and which takes into account suvject's willingness to report detecting teh signal
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receiver operating chracteristic curve(roc curve)
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a graph of hits and false alarms of subjects under different motivational conditions: indicates people's ability to detect a particular stimulus
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wavelength
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the distance between adjacent waves of radiant energy in vision most closely associated with the perceptual dimension of hue
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cornea
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the transperant tissue covering the front of teh eye
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sclera
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the tough outer layer of the eye; teh "white" of teh eye
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iris
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the pigmented muscle of teh eye that controls the size of the pupil
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lens
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the transparent organ situated behind the iris of the eye; helps focus an image on teh retina
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accomodation
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changes in teh thickness of teh lens of teh eye that focus images of near or distant objects on teh retina
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retina
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the tissue at the back inside surface of the eye that contains the photoreceptors and associated neurons.
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photoreceptor
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a receptive cell for vision in the retina (a cone or rod)
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optic disc
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a circular structure located at teh exit point form teh retina of teh axons of teh ganglion cells that form the optic nerve
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bipolar cell
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a neuron in teh retina that receives information from photoreceptors and passes it on to the ganglion cells; from which axons proceed through optic nerves to teh brain
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ganglion cells
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a neuron in teh retina that recives informaiton from photoreceptors bu means of biopolar cells and from which axons procees through teh optic nerves to teh brain.
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rod
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a photoreceptor that is very sensitive to light but cannotdetect changes in hue
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cone
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a photoreceptor that is responsible for acute daytime vision for colour perception
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fovea
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a small pit near the centre of the retina containg densely packed cones; responsible for the most acute and detailed vision
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photopigment
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a conplex molecule found in photoreceptors; when struck by light it splits apart and stimulates teh membrance of the photoreceptor in wihc it resides
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rhodopsin
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the photopigment contained by rods
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dark adaptation
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teh process wby which teh eye becomes capable of distinguishing dimly illuminated objects after going from a bright area to a dark one.
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conjugate movement
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teh cooperative movement of teh eyes, which ensures that the image of an bject falls on identical portions of both retinas
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saccadic movement
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the rapid movement of teh eyes that is used in scanning a visual scene as opposed to teh smoooth pursuit movements used to follow a moving object
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pursuit movement
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the movement that the eyes make to maintain an image of a moving imgae upon the fovea
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hue
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a perceptual dimension of colour most closely related to the wavelength of a pure light
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brightness
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a perceptual dimension of colour most closely related to the intensity or degree f radiant energy emitted by a visual stimulus
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saturation
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a perceptual dimension of colour, most closely associated with purity of a colour
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colour mixing
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the perception of two or more lights of different wavelengths seem togther as light of an intermediate wavelength
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trichromatic theory
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the colour vision is accomplished by three types of photoreceptors. each of which is maximally sensitive to a different wavelength of light
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opponent process
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the representation of colours by the rate of firing of two types of neurons: red/green and yellow/blue
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negative after image
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the image seen after a portion of teh retina is exposed to an intense visual stimulus; a negative afterimage consists of colours complementary to those of the physical stimulus
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protanopia
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form of hereditary anomalous colour vision; caused by detective "red" cones in teh retina
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deuteranopia
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form of hereditary anomalous colour vision; caused by defective "green" cone sin teh retina
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tritanopia
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form of hereditary anomalous colour vision caused by lack of "blue" cones in the retina
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hertz
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primary measure of teh frequency of vibration of the sound waves; cycles per second
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ossicle
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1/3 bones of teh middle ear (teh hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that transmit acoustical vibrations from teh eardrum to the membrance behind the oval window of the cochlea
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cochlea
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a snail-shaped chamber set in bone in teh inner ear where auditon takes place
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oval windown
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an opening in teh bone surroudning the cochlea. teh stirrup presses against a membrance ehind the oval window and transmits sounds vibrations into the fluid within the cochlea
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