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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active learner
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talk and listen, write, read and reflect on what they are learning
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strategic learner
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students who view studying and learning as a systematic process that is, to a good degree, under their control.
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Self- regulated learners
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They manage their time well, monitor their learning, evaluate the results of their effort, and approach learning in a systematic way. Self-regulated
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Independent learners
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they take the initiative for their own learning.
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Metacognition
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the ability to think about and control ones learning
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performance awareness
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must learn to determine whether they have mastered the material that they previousely identified as important, and how well its been learned
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monitoring
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involves keeping tabs on or checking on your progress as you complete a task and after the task is completed.
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Intrinsic motivation
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type of motivation that comes from inside of you
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Extrinsic motivation
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being motivated by external factors
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Mastery goals
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goals that focus on learning the material or on mastering new skills
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learning style
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preferred way that you acquire, process, and retain information
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visual learner
auditory learner kinesthetic learner |
describe...
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Chapter 2
GOALS |
the ends toward which we direct our effort.
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Long terms goals
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objectives you set for youself for the end of the year, four or five years later
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short term goals
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can be set for an hour from now, day , week, month.
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study goals
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objectives you want to achieve during a particular study session.
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Academic goals
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relate to your course work
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personal goals
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making new friends, exercising, clubs
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action plan
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carefully thought-out method of implementing a strategy to achieve your goal.
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action tasks
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specific tasks that you need to complete to achieve your original goal.
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time management *
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the way you regulate or schedule your time.
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time log
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a record of what you do each hour of the day for one week.
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prospective
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what you plan to do
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retrospective
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what you actually do
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fixed commitment
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things you do the same time every day or every week.
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2 to 1 ratio
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study two hours for every one hour in class.
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study log
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calendar where you write in the number of hours you spend doing assignments and studying for each of your courses.
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assignment calendar
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includes all of your assignments, quizzes, and exams.
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running list
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a list of all assignments that you need to complete over the next week or two.
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"to do list"
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a list of the tasks you want to complete each day.
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multiple projects
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two or more exams papers or projects due during the same or overlapping time frame.
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procrastination
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putting things off, a common behavior pattern for many students
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self-downing
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refers to putting yourself down- telling yourself you cant do it or you're not smart enough.
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low frustration tolerance
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easily frusterated; tend to give up or have trouble starting on a task when it appears to be difficult.
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hostility
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anger towards professor
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escapist techniques
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things you do to keep from doing work
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information processing model
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suggest that memory is complex and consists of various processes and stages
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encoding
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interpreting information in a meaningful way
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storage
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involves working on information into LTM unless you work to store it there.
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retrieval
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involves getting information out of LTM
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immediate memory
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related to the concept of consciousness
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chunk
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is a group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit.
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working memory
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you really have to "work" on the material to make it meaningful, memorable, and easy to retrieve.
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massed practice
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like cramming, involves studying all the material at one time.
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spaced practice
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involves spacing your study time over a longer period, with breaks between practice sessions.
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consolidation
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information is organized and stored in LTM
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over learning
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involves continuing to work on material even after its learned
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rehearsal strategies
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involve practicing the material until it is learned
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elaborative rehearsal
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repetition that involves making the information meaningful.
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elaboration strategies
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involves expanding on the information, forming associations, or connecting new information to what you already know.
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mnemonic devices
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memory tricks
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acrostics
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phrases or sentences that are made up of words beginning with the first letters of other words.
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organizational strategies
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allow you to organize the information to make it easier to learn and recall.
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comprehension monitoring strategies
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allow you to monitor or keep tabs on your learning.
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affective and motivational strategies
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strategies that relate to your attitude, interest, and motivation toward learning.
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content
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information that you recorded in your notes.
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Hearing *
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passive process; it is nonselective and involuntary.
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Listening *
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active process that involves receiving, attending to, and assigning meaning to aural and visual stimuli.
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cornell system
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includes an excellent format for setting up your note page. Use an 8 1/2 by 11 inch notebook so that you have enough space to take notes, create a recall collumn, and write a summary at the end of each page.
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outlining
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involves indenting each level of supporting details under the preceeding heading, subheading, or detail.
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meaningful phrases
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condensed versions of the statements made by the intstructor that still contain the critical concepts that were presented.
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Block notes
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written continuously across the page, separating the details by dashes or slashes.
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modified block notes
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simply indent about 1/2 inch and list all related details straight down the page under each heading.
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heading
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the main topics of discussion that are presented during a lecture.
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recall questions
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questions you write that can be answered by the important information in your notes.
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concentration
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focusing your attention on what your doing
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light concentration
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this stage of concentration your just getting settled into your reading, listening, or studying. You dont accomplish much during this stage.
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moderate concentration
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at this point you begain to pay attention to the material that your reading, hearing, or studying.
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deep concentration
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totally engrossed in your work, you arent thinking about anything except what you are hearing, writing, or reading.
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focussing at will
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being able to turn your attention to the task of listening to a lecture at the moment the instructor begins to speak.
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sustaining your focus
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keep concentration throughout the activity.
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limiting your focus
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one task at time. Set aside all other assignments.
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distraction
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anything that diverts your focus from the task at hand.
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external distractions
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include things like noise, an uncomfortable study area, and of course, other people.
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internal distraction
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things that you think about or worry about.
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multitasking
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often used to describe the performance of multiple tasks at one time by people.
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comprehension monitoring
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refers to our own evaluation of whether or not you comprehend what you read.
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comprehension
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understanding what you read
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analysis
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learning to break the information into its component parts.
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evaluation
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judging the value of the information in the text.
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synthesis
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pulling information together from individual statements made in the paragraph into more general ideas or concepts
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application
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involves connecting what you read to your own prior knowledge so that you can use it in a new or different way.
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P2E
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reading/study system that is designed for textbooks that are from easy to average level in difficulty. three steps are preview, read actively, and REVIEW
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preview
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brief overview of a chapter done before reading
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read actively
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do something active while you read.
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review
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do something to rehearse and reinforce the important information.
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SQ3R
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survey, question, read, recite, and review
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(chapter 8)
marginal notes |
summary statements in the margin of the text.
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implied main idea
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unstated main idea
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linking
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connecting key words together
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signal words
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transitions that indicate that the author has shifted direction from positive to negative points or vice versa. Leaving them out can result in misinterpretations during later review.
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Headings
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let you know what a section text is about
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subheadings
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smaller headings that divide the information in a headed section into smaller chunks.
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annotate
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add comments or summary notes
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marginal notes
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help you focus your reading can serve as recall cues for your highlighting, but they dont restructure the information.
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formal outline
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taking notes using the authors organization.
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modified block notes
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listing all important details directly under eachother.
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summary
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condensed version of the information, generally written in sentence or paragraph form.
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Maps
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visual displays of text information
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hierarchical maps
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provide a top down display of information
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formal outline
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taking notes using the authors organization.
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formal outline
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taking notes using the authors organization.
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modified block notes
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listing all important details directly under eachother.
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modified block notes
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listing all important details directly under eachother.
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summary
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condensed version of the information, generally written in sentence or paragraph form.
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Maps
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visual displays of text information
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summary
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condensed version of the information, generally written in sentence or paragraph form.
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hierarchical maps
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provide a top down display of information
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Maps
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visual displays of text information
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hierarchical maps
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provide a top down display of information
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five day study plan
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provides you with a mechnism to space your learning over a preriod of days, divide the material so that you can work on it in small chunks, use active learning strategies to study the material, and use self-testing strategies to monitor your learning.
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spaced study
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refers to working on the same material over a period of days.
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preparation strategies
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help you gather information and put it into a format that is easier to learn and remember.
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integrated learning
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learning information in a connected way.
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Review strategies
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mainly recitation strategies that help you practice the information and self-test to monitor the progress of your learning.
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recall learning
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allows you to recall the information without any additional cues.
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study sheet
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one page compilation of all the important information on a particular topic.
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self test
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another active way to prepare for an exam.
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distractors
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incorrect answers
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Test anxiety
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involves both physical responses, such as headache.
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facilitating test anxiety
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anxiety that facilitates or helps motivate you to prepare before and work hard during the exam.
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debilitating test anxiety
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high level of test anxiety can interfere with your performing
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preperation strategies
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help you gather information and put it into a format that is easier to learn and remember.
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integrated learning
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learning information in a way.
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review strategies
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mainly recitation strategies that help you practice the information and self-test to monitor the progress of your learning.
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self test
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active way to prepare for an exam.
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pacing
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dividing up the test and setting questions to answer
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strategic guessing
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involves more active processes
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stem, alternatives, problem solving strategies
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all do with multiple choice test
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absolute words
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words like always all none never only every and no...(for true/false) usually means that it is false while using these words.
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informal outline
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style in which main points are listed and then indented is the secondary or supporting points.
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mnemonic device
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a memory cue to improve your call.
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topic sentence
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states the central idea starting your first main point, back it up with one or more supporting sentences.
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transition words
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used to introduce the main points in your essay.
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content
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the information that you include in your answer. most important.
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mechanics
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sentence structure, grammar, punctuation and spelling.
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