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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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WINS
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Windows Internet Name System
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a name resolution service that resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses
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DNS
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domain name system
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a TCP/IP name resolution system that resolves host names to IP addresses
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TLD
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top level domain
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.com, .org, .edu, etc.
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FQDN
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fully qualified domain name
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a complete DNS name, including the host name and all of its domains in order
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SOA
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start of authority
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known as the authoritative DNS server for a domain. This DNS server has a single zone that lists all the host names on the domain and their corresponding IP addresses. The SOA’s job is to make sure that all the other name servers are updated for changes.
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NS
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name servers
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other DNS servers that are subordinate to the authoritative DNS server but all support the same domain. The SOA is a name server as well.
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CNAME
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canonical name
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an alias for a computer’s name
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MX records
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mail exchanger records
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used by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail
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PTR
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pointer record
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a record that points to canonical names
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CIFS
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common internet file system
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the protocol that NetBIOS used to share folders and printers. Still very common, even on UNIX/Linux systems
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DNSSEC
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DNS security extensions
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a set of authentication and authorization specifications designed to prevent bad guys from impersonating legitimate DNS servers.
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ICMP
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internet control message protocol
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protocol in which messages consist of a single packet and are connectionless. ICMP packets determine connectivity between two hosts
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IGMP
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internet group management protocols
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protocols that routers use to communicate with hosts to determine a “group” membership in order to determine which computers want to receive a multicast
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NTP
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network time protocol
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protocol that gives the current time
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SNTP
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simple network time protocol
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application that uses UDP to synchronize the clocks of devices on a network
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TFTP
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trivial file transfer protocol
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a protocol that transfers files between servers and clients. Requires no user login
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HTML
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hypertext markup language
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an ASCII-based script-like language for creating hypertext documents like those on the World Wide Web
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XML
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extensible markup language
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provides the basic format or language for everything from application programming interfaces to Microsoft office documents
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HTTP
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hypertext transfer protocol
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extremely fast protocol used for network file transfers on the World Wide Web
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DoS
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denial of service
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an attack that floods a networked server with so many requests that it becomes overwhelmed and ceases functioning
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IIS
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internet information services
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Microsoft’s Web server program for managing Web servers
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URL
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uniform resource locator
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an address that defines the type and the location of a resource on the Internet
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SSL
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secure sockets layer
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a protocol developed by Netscape for transmitting private documents over the Internet. Works by using a public key to encrypt sensitive data.
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HTTPS
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HTTP over SSL
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a secure form of HTTP, used commonly for internet business transactions or any time when a secure connection is required.
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TLS
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transport layer security
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a robust update to SSL that works with almost any TCP application
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SSH
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secure shell
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a terminal emulation program that looks exactly like Telnet but encrypts the data.
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RCP
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remote copy protocol
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provides the capability to copy files to and from the remote server without the need to resort to FTP or NFS. Shares TCP port 514 with RSH
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RSH
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remote shell
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allows you to send single commands to the remote server. Whereas rlogin is designed to be used interactively, RSH can be easily integrated into a script.
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rlogin
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remote login
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program in UNIX that enables you to log into a server remotely. Unlike Telnet, rlogin can be configured to log in automatically.
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IMAP4
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internet message access protocol version 4
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an alternative to POP3, IMAP retrieves email from an email server. IMAP uses port 143
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POP3
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post office protocol version 3
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one of the two protocols that receive email from SMTP servers. POP3 uses TCP port 110
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SMTP
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simple mail transfer protocol
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the main protocol used to send electronic mail on the internet
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VLSM
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variable length subnet mask
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AS
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autonomous system
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one or more networks that are governed by a single protocol within that AS which provides routing for the internet backbone
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ASN
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autonomous system number
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special globally unique number assigned by the IANA for systems that do not use IP addresses
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IGP
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interior gateway protocol
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protocols used by networks within an AS to communicate with each other
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EGP
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exterior gateway protocol
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protocol for autonomous systems to communicate with each other
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EIGRP
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enhanced interior gateway routing protocol
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Cisco’s proprietary hybrid protocol that has elements of both distance vector and link state routing
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BGP-4
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border gateway protocol
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an exterior gateway routing protocol that enables groups of routers to share routing information so that efficient, loop-free routes can be established
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OSPF
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open shortest path first
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an interior gateway routing protocol developed for IP networks based on the link-state algorithm
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LSA
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link state advertisements
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hello packets sent out by OSPF capable routers looking for other OSPF capable routers
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BDR
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backup designated router
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a second router set to take over if the designated router fails
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DR
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designated router
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the main router in an OSPF network that relays information to all other routers in the area
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IS-IS
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intermediate system to intermediate system
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protocol similar to but not as popular as OSPF, but with support for IPv6 since inception
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NMS
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network management software
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tools that enable you to describe, visualize, and configure an entire network
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Mtr
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my trace route
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terminal command in Linux that dynamically displays the route a packet is taking
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ICMP
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internet control message protocol
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protocol in which messages consist of a single packet and are connectionless. ICMP packets determine connectivity between two hosts
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DSCP
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differentiated services code point
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part of an IP packet header. Field contains data used by bandwidth sensitive applications
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TTL
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time to live
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field that prevents an IP packet from indefinitely spinning through the internet by using a counter that decrements by one every time a packet goes through a router.
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RTT
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round trip time
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result of a ping, usually in seconds
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ARP
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address resolution protocol
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a protocol in the TCP/IP suite used with the command line utility of the same name to determine the MAC address that corresponds to a particular IP address.
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IANA
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internet assigned numbers authority
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the organization responsible for assigning public IP addresses
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CIDR
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classless interdomain routing
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method of categorizing IP addresses in order to distribute them (subnetting)
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ICANN
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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers
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has the authority to create new top level domains
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BOOTP
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bootstrap protocol
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a component of TCP/IP that allows computers to discover and receive an IP address from a DHCP server prior to booting the OS
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DHCP
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dynamic host configuration protocol
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a protocol that enables a DHCP server to set TCP/IP settings automatically for a DHCP client
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APIPA
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automatic private IP addressing
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a networking feature in operating systems that enables DHCP clients to self-configure an IP address and subnet mask automatically when a DHCP server isn’t available.
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ATM
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asynchronous transfer mode
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a network technology that runs at speeds between 25 & 622 Mbps using fiber optic cabling or CAT5 or better UTP
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NAT
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network address translation
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a means of translating a system’s IP address into another IP address before sending it out to a larger network. Takes packets from the client systems bound for the larger network and translates their internal IP addresses to its own public IP address
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PAT
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port address translation
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the most commonly used form of NAT where the NAT uses port numbers to map traffic from specific machines in the network
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SNAT
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static network address translation
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a type of NAT that maps a single routable IP address to a single machine, allowing you to access that machine from outside the network
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MTU
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maximum transfer unit
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specifies the largest size of a data unit in a communications protocol
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RIP
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routing information protocol
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RIPv2 is the current version but maximum hop count of 15 still applies
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IDF
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intermediate distribution frame
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the room where all the horizontal runs from all the work areas on a given floor in a building come together
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MDF
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media distribution frame
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the room in a building that stores the demarc, telephone cross-connects and LAN cross-connects
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U
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unit
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the unique height measurement used with equipment racks = 1.75 inches
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NIU
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network interface unit
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another name for demarc, which is a device that marks the dividing line of responsibility for the functioning of a network between internal users and upstream service providers
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TDR
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time domain reflectometer
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advanced cable tester that tests the length of cables and their continuity and identifies the location of any discontinuity due to a bend, break, crimp, etc.
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OTDR
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optical time domain reflectometer
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tester for fiber optic cable that determines continuity and reports the location of cable breaks
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FEXT
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far end cross talk
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crosstalk on the opposite end of a cable from the signal source
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NEXT
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near end crosstalk
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crosstalk on the same end of a cable from which the signal is being generated
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PCI
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peripheral component interconnect
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LACP
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link aggregation control protocol
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controls how multiple network devices send and receive data as a single connection
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UPS
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uninterruptible power supply
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a device that supplies continuous clean power to a computer system the whole time the computer is on. Protects against power outages and sags.
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