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284 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hellerwork
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A combination of movement reeducation and muscle and connective tissue therapy.
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Tsubo
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Japanese word for acupoints.
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State-dependent memory
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A state-dependent memory cannot be simply "remembered" at will; the entire memory is attached to a specific stimulus "cue" (such as an odor or a song) and can be recovered only when that stimulus is presented again. A position or certain pressure in a certain spot can also trigger such memory.
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Geriatric
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This is a client population that is comprised of those 70 years old and above.
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Percussive Strokes
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These strokes, such as hacking, cupping and plucking, are used to stimulate areas, improve circulation, and release muscle tension. They can be used on the shoulders, arms, legs, buttocks, and gently along the back.
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Bow stance
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A common stance used in doing massage work to help provide proper body mechanics to the practitioner. The front leg is bent like a bow pointing in the direction of movement and the rear leg is stretched like a bowstring. Also known as lunge position.
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Polarity
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It asserts that energy fields exist everywhere in nature, and that the flow and balance of this energy in the human body is the underlying foundation of health.
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Wringing
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Start with hands placed either side of the body or limb. Moving the hands in a forward and back motion across the body, progress slowly up toward the head.
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Amma/Anma
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It comes from the Chinese tradition of massage, "anmo." This form of bodywork is based on the principles of Chinese medicine and is more than 5,000 years old. When anmo was brought to Japan, the technique was further refined into its own therapeutic art form, amma.
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Pediatric
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Refers to the population between 3 and 18 years of age.
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Compression
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A simple pumping action directed deep into the core of the belly of the muscle, applied with quick rhythmic action using palm, loose fist, fingertips, or ulnar side of hand. This spreads tissue, creates hyperemia and softens tight muscles.
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Dorsum
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Pertaining to the top of the foot
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Countertransference
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A therapist who has not dealt sufficiently with personal subconscious thoughts and emotions may react involuntarily to the thoughts and emotions projected by the client that trigger his/her own needs and conflicts.
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Necessary care
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That care or therapy that is appropriately designed to return a client to as normal a functioning level as possible. This relates to a return of the ability to do activities of daily living.
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Asymmetric Body Balancing
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This is a combination of Paul St. John's Neuromuscular Therapy and more traditional Hatha yoga to help clients diminish and/or alleviate pain or discomfort and find homeostasis and equilibrium in their daily lives.
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EARTH ENERGY HEALING
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Similar to reiki as it is the channeling of energy and entails "laying of the hands."
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Eversion
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The turning of the foot outwards so that the sole is facing away from the body.
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Ashi points
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In Chinese medicine these points have no specific name or location, but are tender points that are used for work with pain syndromes.
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Supine
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Lying face up and horizontally.
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Jump sign
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A sign from the client such as a wince or withdrawal when pressure is applied to an area that has tenderness or a trigger point. A spontaneous reaction to pain from palpation
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Which prefix means 'away from'?
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The prefix that means 'away from' is 'ef''.
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What is the meaning of the prefix 'hyper'?
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The meaning of the prefix 'hyper' is 'over, above'.
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Which prefix means 'against'?
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The prefix that means 'against' is 'contra'.
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Which suffix means 'break, destroy'?
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The meaning of the suffix 'clast' is 'break, destroy'.
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What is the meaning of the suffix 'ectomy'?
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The meaning of the suffix 'ectomy' is 'a cutting out'.
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What is the meaning of the suffix 'crine'?
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The meaning of the suffix 'crine' is 'release,secrete'
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What is the meaning of the prefix 're'?
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The meaning of the prefix 're' is 'back again'.
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Which root word means 'liver'?
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The meaning of the root word 'hepat' is 'liver'.
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What is the meaning of the suffix 'centesis'?
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the meaning of the suffix 'centesis' is 'a piercing'.
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produce antibodies
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plasma cells
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produce antibodies
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plasma cells
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make fibers
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fibroblasts
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make histamines
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mast cells
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found in tendons and ligmaents
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dense fibrous
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fat storage
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adipose
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found at joints, between ribs, nose, larynx
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cartilage
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serves its function of support by its hard matrix
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osseous tissue
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serves its function of transport due to its liquid matrix
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vascular tissue
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gel matrix
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cartilage
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found behind the eyes, around the heart & kidneys, beneath the skin
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adipose
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its fibers form a web to surround & support organs
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loose areolar
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structured as a "signet ring"
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adipose
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provides strength to loose areolar tissue
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collagen fibers
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provides resilence to loose areaolar tissue
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elastic fibers
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between bones of the skull
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sutures
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between teeth and jaw bone
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gomphosis
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intervertebral joints
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symphysis
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epiphyseal plate is an example
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synchondrosis
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irregular structure gives added strength
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sutures
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distal articulation of tibia & fibula
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syndesmosis
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synarthroses
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immovable
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amphiarthroses
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slightly movable
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diarthroses
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freely movable
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amphiarthroses
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joint between vertebrae
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diarthroses
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synovial joint
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synarthroses
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sutures, gomphosis, synchrodrosis
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amphiarthroses
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syndesmosis, symphsis
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found attached to bone
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skeletal muscle
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allows you to direct your eyeballs
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skeletal muscle
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found in the walls of stomach, uterus and arteries
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smooth muscle
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contain spindle-shaped cells
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smooth muscle
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contains cylindrical cells with branching ends
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cardiac
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contains long nonbranching cylindrical cells
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skeletal muscle
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displays intercalated disks
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cardiac
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Organization
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is an outstanding characteristic of body structure
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THE BODY
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IS A UNIT CONSTRUCTED OF THE FOLLOWING SMALLER UNITS
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CELLS
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THE SMALLEST STRUCTURAL UNITS, ORGANIZED OF VARIOUS CHEMICALS
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TISSUES
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ORGANIZATIONS OF SIMILIAR CELLS
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ORGANS
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ORGANIZATIONS OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF TISSUES
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SYSTEMS
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ORGANIZATIONS OF MANY KINDS OF ORGANS
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ANATOMICAL POSITION
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STANDING ERECT WITH THE ARMS AT THE SIDES AND PALMS TURNED FORWARD
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ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS
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SUPERIOR, INFERIOR, ANTERIOR, POSTERIOR, MEDIAL, LATERAL, PROXIMAL, DISTAL, SUPERFICIAL, DEEP
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SUPERIOR
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TOWARD THE HEAD, UPPER, ABOVE
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INFERIOR
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TOWARD THE FEET, LOWER, BELOW
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ANTERIOR
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FRONT, IN FRONT OF, SAME AS VENTRAL IN HUMANS
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POSTERIOR
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BACK, IN BACK OF SAME AS DORSAL IN HUMANS
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MEDIAL
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TOWARD THE MIDLINE OF A STRUCTURE
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PROXIMAL
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TOWARD OR NEAREST THE TRUNK, OR NEAREST THE POINT OF ORIGIN OF A STRUCTURE
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DISTAL
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AWAY FROM OR FARTHEST FROM THE TRUNK, OR FARTHEST AWAY FROM A STRUCTURE'S POINT OF ORIGIN
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SUPERFICIAL
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NEARER THE BODY SURFACE
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DEEP
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FARTHER AWAY FROM THE BODY SURFACE
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PLANES OR BODY SECTIONS
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SAGITTAL, MIDSAGITTAL, FRONTAL, TRANSEVERSE
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SAGITTAL PLANE
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LENGTHWISE PLANE THAT DIVIDES A STRUCTURE INTO RIGHT AND LEFT SECTIONS
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MIDSAGITTAL PLANE
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SAGITTAL PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY INTO TWO EQUAL HALVES
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FRONTAL (CORONAL) PLANE
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LENGTHWISE PLANE THAT DIVIDES A STRUCTURE INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SECTIONS
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TRANSVERSE PLANE
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HORIZONTAL PLANE THAT DIVIDES A STRUCTURE INTO UPPER AND LOWER SECTIONS
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BODY CAVITIES
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VENTRAL, ABDOMINOPELVIC
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VENTRAL CAVITY CONTAINS
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THE THORACIC CAVITY AND THE ABDOMINALOPELVIC CAVITY
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THE DORSAL CAVITY CONTAINS
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CRANIAL AND THE SPINAL CAVITY
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THORACIC CAVITY CONTAINS
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THE MEDIASTINUM AND THE PLEURAL CAVITIES
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MEDIASTINUM
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MIDPORTION OF THORACIC CAVITY, HEART AND TRACHEA ARE LOCATED IN THE MEDIASTINUM
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PLEURAL CAVITIES
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RIGHT LUNG LOCATED IN RIGHT PLEURAL CAVITY, LEFT LUNG IS IN LEFT PLEURAL CAVITY
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ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
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ABDOMINAL CAVITY, PELVIC CAVITY, ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS
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ABDOMINAL CAVITY
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CONTAINS STOMACH, INTESTINES, LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS, AND SPLEEN
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biological psychology
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branch of psych concerned with links between bx and biology
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neuron
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basic building block of nervous system
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dendrite
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branching extension of neuron to receive messages and conduct impulses toward cell body
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axon
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extension of neuron through which messages pass to other neurons, muscles, or glands
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myelin sheath
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layer of fatty tissue segmentally covering axon; enhances transmission of neural impulses
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action potential
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neural impulse; electrical charge that travels an axon
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threshold
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level of stimulation required to trigger neural impulse
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PELVIC CAVITY CONTAINS
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REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, URINARY BLADDER, AND THE LOWEST PART OF INTESTINE
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ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS
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CONTAIN 9 REGIONS, AND 4 QUADRANTS
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DORSAL CAVITY
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CONTAINS CRANIAL CAVITY AND THE SPINAL CAVITY
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CRANIAL CAVITY
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CONTAINS BRAIN
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SPINAL CAVITY
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CONTAINS SPINAL CORD
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BODY REGIONS
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AXIAL REGION, AND TEH APPENDICULAR REGION
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AXIAL REGION
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CONTAINS HEAD, NECK AND TORSO OR TRUNK
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APPENDICULAR REGION
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CONTAINS UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES
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BALANCE OF BODY FUNCTIONS
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SURVIVAL OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND OF THE GENES IS THE BODYS MOST IMPORTANT BUSINESS
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SURVIVAL DEPENDS ON
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THE MAINTENANCE OR RESTORATION OF HOMEOSTASIS
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HOMEOSTASIS
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RELATIVE CONSTANCY OF THE INTERAL ENVIRONMENT
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THE BODY USES
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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS AND LESS OFTEN POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS TO MAINTAIN OR RESTORE HOMEOSTASIS
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ALL ORGANS FUNCTION
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TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
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BODY FUNCTIONS ARE RELATED TO
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AGE
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PEAK EFFICIENCY IS
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DURING YOUNG ADULTHOOD
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DIMINISHING EFFICIENCY
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OCCURS AFTER YOUNG CHILDHOOD
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ANATOMY
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IS A TERM DERIVED FROM TWO GREEK WORDS MEANING "CUTTING UP".
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PHYSIOLOGY
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MEANS THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTION OF LIVING ORGANISIMS AND THEIR PARTS
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SUPINE AND PRONE
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ARE TERMS USED TO DESCRIBE THE BODY POSITION WHEN IT IS NOT IN ANATOMICAL POSITION
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THE STRUCTURE THAT DIVIDES THE THORACIC CAVITY FROM THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY IS THE
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DIAPHRAGM
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THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF A POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
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CONTRACTIONS OF THE UTERUS DURING CHILDBIRTH
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(5) Special Sensory
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I, II, VII, VIII, IX
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(4) Autonomic Nerves
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III, VII, IX, X
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(1) Sensory (G.S.A.)
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V
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(9) Motor (skeletal muscle)
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(III, IV, VI - eyeball), V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
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(I) Olfactory (special sensory)
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sense of smell
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(II) Optic (special sensory)
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sense of vision
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(III-a) Oculomotor (G.S.E.)- Extrinsic Eye Muscles
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smooth muscle moves eye ball
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(III-b) Oculomotor-Autonomic(IES)Intrinsic Eye Muscles
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made up of (3) smooth muscle
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(III-b1) Oculomotor Autonomic (IES)- Ciliary Muscles
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changes shape of lens in eye
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(III-b2) Oculomotor Autonomic(IES)-Sphincter Pupillae
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constrict the pupil
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(III-b3) Oculomotor Autonomic(IES)- Dilator Pupillae
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dilate pupil
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(IV) Trochlear-motor-Extrinsic Eye muscles(G.S.E.) Hint:same as Oculomotor(G.S.E.)
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smooth muscle moves eye ball
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(V-a) Trigeminal-motor(G.S.E.)
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mastication (chewing muscle)
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(V-b) Trigeminal-sensory (G.S.A.) Hint: only one!
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skin of face & most of scalp, oral cavity teeth(pain receptor), nasal cavity, Duramater in Brain
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(VI) Abducens-motor Extrinsic Eye Muscle(G.S.E.)
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smooth muscle moves eye ball
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(VII-a) Facial-motor(G.S.E.)
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facial expression
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(VII-b) Facial-autonomic
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sub-mandibular & sublingual
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(VII-c) Facial-Special Sensory
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(2/3 of anterior of tongue)
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(VIII-a1) Vestibulocochlear-Special sensory-Vestibular portion
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sense of equalibrium
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(VIII-a2) Vestibulocochlear-Special sensory-Cochlear portion
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sense of hearing
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(IX-a) Glossopharyngeal-motor(G.S.E.)
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Pharynx (throat) - swallowing
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(IX-b) Glossopharyngeal-motor-Autonomic
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Paratoid (salavary gland)
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(IX-c) Glossopharyngeal-special sensory
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posterior 1/3 of tongue
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(X-a) Vagos-motor(G.S.E.)
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Larynx (speech)
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(X-b) Vagos-motor-Autonomic
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innervates Thoracic viscera(organs) & abdominal viscera
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(XI) Spinal Accessory-motor(G.S.E.)
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sternocleidomastoid trapezius
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(XII) Hypoglossal-motor(G.S.E.)
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moves the tongue
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found on lateral side of upper & lower arm
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brachioradialis
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found on lateral side of upper & lower arm
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brachioradialis
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muscle originates in connective tissue of scalp (aponeurosis) and inserts in skin over eyebrows
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frontalis
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neck muscle whose name gives the points of origin & insertion
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sternocleidomastoid
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muscle on side of chest; moves the shoulder forward
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serratus anterior
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muscle's name describes its shape
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trapezius
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muscle opens jaw when head is pulled back
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platysma
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muscle is found around the mouth; purses the lips
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orbicularis oris
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muscle is found over the shoulder
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deltoid
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flexes and extends hand and fingers
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flexor & extensor carpi
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muscle originates in maxilla and zygomatic arch; inserts in mandible
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masseter
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flexes forearm
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biceps brachii
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upper shoulder muscle; antagonistic to serratus anterior
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trapezius
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draws scalp back
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occipitalis
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muscle originates in scapula and humerus and inserts in ulna
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triceps brachii
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used in winking and blinking
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orbicularis oculi
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originates in clavicle, sternum and ribs; inserts in upper humerus
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pectoralis major
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originates in thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae and crest of ilium; inserts in head of humerus
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latissimus dorsi
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moves the eyes upward
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superior rectus
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muscle of anterior lower leg
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tibialis anterior
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dorsal lower trunk muscle; extends the hip in walking
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gluteus maximus
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abdominal muscle which originates in 8 lower ribs and inserts in crest of ilium
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external oblique
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long muscle that flexes lower leg -- synergist to biceps femoris
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sartorius
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muscle originates at base of femur and inserts in bones of heel
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gastrocnemius or soleus
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abdominal muscle whose fibers run across the abdomen
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transverse abdominis
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ventral leg muscle originating in iliac crest and inserting in upper anterior tibia
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rectus femoris
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muscle's name gives its location
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tibialis anterior
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abdominal muscle -- second layer
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internal oblique
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muscle is located posterior of upper leg
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biceps femoris
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muscle originates in pubs and inserts in ribs 5-7; does not cover all of abdomen
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rectus abdominis
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muscle moves ribs in breathing
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intercostals
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synergist to the gastrocnemius
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soleus
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glands that secrete chemicals through a duct that leads to the outside of the organ
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exocrine
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gland that secretes chemicals called hormones into the blood; ductless
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endocrine
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flattened cells
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squamous
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extra credit codeword
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histology
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cells that are taller than they are wide
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columnar
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a single layer of cells
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simple
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cells that are as wide as they are tall
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cuboidal
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a number of layers of cells
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stratified
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tissue under epithelial tissue that hold it in place & supply nutrients
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basement membrane
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found where diffusion and absorption are needed (lungs, capillaries)
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simple squamous
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cells that produce mucus; usually found near columnar cells
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goblet cells
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skin is this type of epithelial tissue
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stratified squamous
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process that occurs as skin cells dry out and fill with a waxy substance
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keratinization
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found in areas of stress and stretching; urinary bladder
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stratified transitional
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cells appear layered but are not
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pseudostratified
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projections of a columnar cell that increase its surface area or assist in moving substances along the cell surface
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microvilli/cilia
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attachments between epithelial cells that allow it to form tight sheets of cells
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gap junctions
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indicates a blood supply
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vascular
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describes the blood supply of epithelial tissue
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avascular
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shaft of a bone
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diaphysis
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type of bone found in arms & legs
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long bone
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connection between bone cells and Haversian canal
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canaliculi
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lining of the medulary cavity
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endosteum
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formation of red blood cells
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hemopoeisis
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holds yellow bone marrow
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medullary canal
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type of bone of which vertebrae are an example
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irregular bone
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bone cell that secretes matrix
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osteoblast
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type of bone of which the shoulder blades are an example
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flat bone
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membrane around long bone; contains blood vessels and nerves
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periosteum
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found in spongy bone; where hemopoeisis takes place
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red bone marrow
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bone cell
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osteocyte
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type of bone found in wrist or ankle
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short bone
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absorb or destroy osteocytes or chondrocytes
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osteoclast
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composed of fat for energy
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yellow bone marrow
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ends of bone where spongy bone is located
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epiphysis
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latticework found in spongy bone
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trabeculae
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bone formation from cartilage
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ossification
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area where long bone growth takes place
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epiphyseal plate
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indicates that growth of long bone has stopped
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epiphyseal line
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bone-forming cell
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osteoprogenitor
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unit of bone histology
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Haversian system
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space in which a bone cell lays
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lacunae
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layers of bone matrix
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lamellae
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opening through which blood vessels and nerves pass
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foramen
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tube like passageway running within bone
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meatus
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an air-filled cavity within a bone
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sinus
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a depression on a bone
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fossa
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a large, round knuckle-like projection
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condyle
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a rounded projection supported by a "neck"
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head
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a smooth, flat articulating surface
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facet
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a roughened process where muscles might attach
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tuberosity
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a sharp, slender projection
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spinous
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a large blunt projection found only on the femur
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torchanter
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a ridge
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crest
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a tissue in which the matrix is a gel
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cartilage
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a tissue in which the collagen fibers lie in parallel
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dense fibrous tissue
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medial
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toward the middle of the structure or entire body
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lateral
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towards the side of the structure or entire body
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superior
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towards the top
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transverse plane
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cuts the body into superior and inferior portions; runs horizontal
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sagittal plane
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cuts the structure into right and left portions; runs vertically
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frontal plane
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cuts the structure into anterior & posterior portions; runs side to side
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oblique plane
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cuts the structure at an angle
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para-
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prefix used when a plane cuts a structure into unequal parts
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mid-
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prefix used when a plane cuts a structure into equal parts
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ventral
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towards the front
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dorsal
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towards the back
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mediastinum
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region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; runs dorsal to ventral
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mediastinum
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cavity that contains the trachea, esophagus, heart, thymus gland
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pleural cavity
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holds the lungs
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parietal
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lines the cavity in which an organ sets
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viscera
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collective term for all abdominal organs
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peritoneum
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lining of the abdominal cavity
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visceral
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covering of an organ
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bone that articulates with the scapula & sternum
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clavicle
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found on the distal end of the tibia and fibula
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malleolus
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point of articulation of scapula and clavicle
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acromion process
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longest and strongest bone
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femur
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opening in pelvic girdle for nerves and blood vessels
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obturator foramen
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sensitive dorsal part of the elbow
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olecranon fossa
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lower leg bone not involved in knee joint
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fibula
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articulates with head of femur
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acetabulum
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heads of these bones are knuckles
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metacarpals
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contains coracoid process for attachment of muscles
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scapula
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knee cap
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patella
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heel bone
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calcaneus
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finger and/or toes
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phalanges
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bone has deltoid tuberosity
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humerus
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largest bone of pelvic girdle
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ilium
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joint formed by sacrum and ilium
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sacroiliac
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structure of lower arm bones that articulates with carpals
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styloid process
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medial bone of lower leg
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tibia
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shallow, basin-like, less curved sacrum & coccyx, great than 90 degree pelvic angle
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characteristics of female pelvis
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deeper, more curved sacrum/coccyx, less than 90 degree pelvic angle
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characteristics of male pelvis
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cartilage joint between the os coxae of the pelvis; loosens during childbirth
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symphysis pubis
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the elbow; proximal, posterior projection on the ulna
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olecranon process
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lateral condyle of humerus
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capitulum
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medial condyle of the humerus
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trochlea
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the "socket" of the shoulder joint; found on the scapula
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glenoid fossa
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the lateral bone of the forarm; rotates; does not articulate with the humerus
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radius
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proximal, anterior projection on the ulna that articulates with the humerus during flexion
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coronoid process
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distal, anterior depression on the humerus that articulates with the ulna during flexion
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coronoid fossa
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distal, posterior depression on the humerus; location of the nerve for the "funny bone"
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olecranon fossa
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