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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Element |
Substance made of only 1 type of atom Can't be broken down Defined by # of protons |
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Compound |
2+ elements chemically combined Fixed ratio Properties are different from other elements |
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Atom |
Smallest unit of matter Defines chemical element Centre has dense nucleus Electrons surround in electron cloud |
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Nucleus |
Dense Positively charged Composed of protons and neutrons |
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Electron |
Negatively charged subatomic particle Small |
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Protons |
Positively charge subatomic particle Much larger than electron |
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Neutron |
Subatomic particle with no charge Same size as proton |
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Mass Number |
Total # of protons and neutrons in nucleus |
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Atomic Number |
# of protons |
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Isotope |
Same element but with different amount of neutrons |
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Valance Shell |
Last shell of electrons Contains valance electrons Zeff Physical and Chem. properties of atom |
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Ion |
Charge atom (neg.- or pos.+) #protons doesn't = #neutrons Cation (+) or Anion (-) |
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Group |
Down a column |
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Row |
Across a row |
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Valency |
Charge of ion formed by an element |
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Atomic Radius
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Size of atom from nucleus to edge of electron cloud |
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Shielding Effect |
Inner electrons repelling outer shell electrons "Shields" positive pull of nucleus from valance electrons (reduces pull) |
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Effective Nuclear Charge |
Net positive pull experienced by Valance electrons Zeff = Z (atomic #) - S (# of shielding electrons) |
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Ionisation Energy |
Energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of atoms/ions in their gaseous state
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Molecule |
Particle size 2+ atoms (same or diff.) joined together |
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Ionic Compound |
Metal + Non-metal Give (m) & Take (n.m) Cations (+) attracted to Anions (-) |
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Covalent Compound |
Joining 2 non-metals
Exists as separate molecules |
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Delocalised Electrons
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Not fixed in place Associated with Metallic Bonding |
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Malleable |
Can be flattened |
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Ductile |
Can be stretched into wires |
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Extraction |
Removal of metal from an ore |
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Reduction |
Removal of O2 from ore OR Addition of electrons |
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Native Metal |
Found in ground Uncombined with other metals Unreactive |
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Roasting |
Crush ore and mix with oil and water extracting froth Roasted in furnace with limestone |
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Carbon Reduction |
Metal and Coke in blast furnace with limestone Extract molten metal at bottom |
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Electrolysis |
Disolved Al2O3 in cryolite Electricity pass through water CO2 formed at carbon anodes & molten Al falls to bottom |
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Reaction Rate |
Speed at which reaction occurs |
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Concentration |
Number of particles in certain area Square units |
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Pressure |
Exertion of force from number of particles in certain area |
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Particle Size |
State of Subdivision Surface Area |
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Temperature |
Energy of particle changes with gain & loss of heat Gain = R.R increases Loss = R.R decreases |
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Temperature: General Rule |
With every 10 degree increases, the R.R doubles |
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Catalyst |
Chem. that speed up reaction but not used in reaction |
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Law of Conservation of Mass |
Matter can't be created or destroyed Mass reaction = Mass produced |
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Avogadro's Number |
6.02 x 10^23 One mole |
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Mole |
Large number of particles |
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Molar Mass |
Mass of 1 mole of pure substance Eg: M(O2)=16 |
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m n M |
mass mole Molar Mass |
