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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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inoculations
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sample placed in container of medium supporting its growth
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inspection
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cultures observed
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incubation
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placed in incubator to promote growth
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magnification
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enlarge objects
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resolving power
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shows detail
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agar
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.solid @room temp, liquefies @100°, resolidifies @42°
.provides framework to hold moisture & nutrients .not digestible for most microbes |
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hyaluronic acid
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found in connective tissue
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strep
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catalase -
chains of cells sensitive to drying, heat & disinfectants |
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staph
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catalase + (hydrogen peroxide bubbles)
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staph
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cluster of grapes
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group b strep
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can be transferred from mother to baby
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viridans group
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most serious infection - sub acute endocarditis
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prokaryotic
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simple cell
unicellular no nuclei no organelles ex. bacteria and archaea |
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eukaryotic
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complex cell
unicellular and multicellular nucleus membrane organelles ex. animals. plants. fungi.protists |
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microbes
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bacteria
fungi algae virus protozoa helminth |
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Leeuwenhoek
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first to observe microbes
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holmes
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mothers give birth in home fewer infections
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semmelweis
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correlated infections with physicians coming directly from autopsy room to maternity ward
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Lister
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introduced aseptic techniques
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Pasteur
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microbes caused fermentation
disproved spontaneous generation developed pasteurization germ theory of disease |
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koch
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identified cause of anthrax. tb and cholera
developed culture methods |
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Koch's postulates
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sequence of experimental steps that verified the germ theory
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classifications
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domain. kingdom. phylum. class. order. family. genus. species
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folliculitis
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inflammation of hair follicle
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furuncle
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boil. inflammation of hair follicle that progresses into abcess
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carbuncle
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larger and deeper lesion created by aggregation of cluster of furuncles
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impetigo
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bubble like swelling that can break and peel away. common in newborns
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osteomyelitis
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infection of bone in metaphysis. abscess forms
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bacteremia
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bacteria in blood. endocarditis possible
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food intoxication
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ingestion of heat stable enterotoxins. gastrointestinal distress
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staph scalded skin syndrome
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toxin induces bright red flush. blisters. desquamation of epidermis
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toxic shock syndrome
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toxemia leading to shock and organ failure
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mrsa
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methicillin resistant s. aureua.
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erysipelas
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pathogen enters through a break in skin and spreads to dermks and subq . can become systemic
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streptococcal pharyngitis
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strep throat
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scarlet fever
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strain of s. pyogenes carrying prophage that codes for erythrogenic toxin
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rheumatic fever
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follows pharyngitis in children. carditis.arthritis. chorea. fever
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acute glomerulonephritis
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nephritis. ^ bp. HF. kidney failure
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bright field
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specimen darker than surrounding field. used for live and preserved stained specimens
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dark field
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illuminated specimens surrounded by dark field. used for live and unstained
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phase contrast
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transforms subtle changes in light waves passing passing through specimen. best for observing intracellular structure
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fluorescence
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uv radiation . uses dye . used for diagnosing infections
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scanning confocal
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uses laser beam. integrates images to allow focus on multiple depths
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electron
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forms image with electrons. waves are 100,000 x shorter than waves of visible light.
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basic dyes
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cationic positively charged
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positive staining
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surfaces of microbes are negatively charged and attract basic dyes
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acidic dyes
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anionic. negatively charged
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negative staining
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microbe repels dyes. dye stains background
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selective media
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contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth of desired microbes
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differential media
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allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible differences among them
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gram positive bacteria
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thick cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and cell membrane
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gram negative bacteria
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outer cell membrane. thin peptidoglycan layer and cell membrane
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peptidoglycan
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composed of a repeating framework of long glycan chains cross linked by short peptide fragments
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rickettsias
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very thin gram negative
pathogenic obligate intracellular pathogens cannot survive outside of host rocky mountain spotted fever |
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chlamydias
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tony
obligate intracellular parasites not transmitted by arthropods |
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archaea
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most closely related to eukarya
contain unique genetic sequenses in RNA unique membrane lipids and cell walls |
