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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Approach to a MCI
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Exact location
Type of Incident Hazards at scene Access + Egress Number of casualties Emergency services on scene + required |
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7 Determinants of Establishing Death
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No response to centralised stimulus
No motor response or facial grimace to pain No palpable carotid pulse No breath sounds heard for 2 minutes No heart sounds heard for 2 minutes Fixed + Dilated pupils ECG shows asystole for min of 30 seconds |
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Define Perfusion:
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The ability of the components of the cardiovascular system to provide adequate blood supply to meet functional demands + to effectively remove the associated metabolic waste products
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Causes of Unconsciousness (AEIOU TIPS):
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Alcohol, Epilepsy, Insulin, Overdose, Underdose or Uremia, Trauma, Infection, Psychosis, Sepsis or Stroke
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Contents of the RUQ:
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Liver, duodenum, pyloris, right kidney.
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Contents of the LUQ:
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Tip of the medial liver lobe, spleen, stomach, left kidney, pancreas.
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Contents of the RLQ:
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Appendix, cecum, bladder, right ovary.
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Contents LLQ:
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Bladder, left ovary, uterus.
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Neurovascular Assessment:
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Colour
Warmth Movement Sensation Pulse Capillary Refill |
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5 Rights of drug administration:
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Patient
Time + frequency of drug Dose Route of Admin Drug |
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Actual Time Critical
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RR < 12 OR > 24
BP < 90 HR < 50 OR > 124 GCS < 13 SpO2 < 90% on room air |
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Signs of TPT - CRAPIST
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Chest Injury
Respiratory distress Absent breath sounds Poor perfusion Increased jugular venous pressure Subcutaneous emphysema Tracheal deviation |
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Beck's Triad (Cardiac Tamponade): + Pulseless Paradox?
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Increased Jugular Venous Pressure
Muffled Heart Sounds Hypotension |
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Normal ICP:
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0 - 15 mmHg
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Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP):
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CPP = MAP - ICP
MAP = 1/3 Pulse Pressure + Diastolic |
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Spinal Components: 32 total
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Cervical Vertebrae 7
Thoracic Vertebrae 12 Lumbar Vertebrae 5 Sacrum Vertebrae 5 fused Coccyx Vertebrae 5 fused |
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Motor Examination - Upper limbs:
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Shrug Shoulders C4
Bend Elbow C5 Push Wrist back C6 Open/Close hand C8 |
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Motor Examination - Lower Limbs:
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Flex Hip L1 + L2
Extend Knee L3 Pull Foot up L4 Push Foot down L5 + S1 |
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Signs of Inhalation Injury:
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- Full thickness or deep partial thickness burns to head, neck or upper torso
- Facial + upper airway oedema - Sooty sputum - Burns occurring in an enclosed spaced - Respiratory distress - Hypoxia |
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Burn - Fluid Replacement:
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If > 15% BSA Normal Saline:
% BSA X Pt Weight (kg) = Volume (mls) Fluid to be administered over 2 hours from burn time |
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Cardiac Physiology:
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Low pressure pump (right atrium + ventricle) supplies pulmonary vasculature
High pressure pump (left atrium + ventricle) supplies systemic vasculature |
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Causes of PEA:
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Handy - HYPOXIA
Andy - ANAPHYLAXIS Ate - ASTHMA Eggs - EXANGUINATION Under - UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION Trees - TENSION PNUEMOTHORAX |
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Assessment for AMI:
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Require 2 out of the 3 following to confirm AMI:
Serial Blood enzymes (triponin) Presenting history Serial ECG's (not all pts have ECG changes) |
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm:
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True aneurysm - Involves all arterial wall layers
False aneurysm - Dilation covered by fibrinous capsule Dissection - Tear of internal layer, blood dissects between the intima + Adventitia |
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ASTHMA:
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Acute, Episodic, Reversible inflammatory disease of the airways. Characterised by bronchospasm, mucosal oedema and mucosal plugging. Sometimes known as a reactive disease.
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STROKE - Assess:
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Symptom onset time
Stroke mimics Co-morbidities |
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Stroke Mimics - MISSES B MHS:
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Migraine
Intoxication Drug/Alcohol Seizures Syncope Electrolyte Disturbances Sepsis Brain Tumor Middle Ear Disorder Hypo/Hyperglycaemia Subdural Haematoma |
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Epilepsy:
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Epilepsy is caused by an intense, uncontrolled + usually transient (brief period) of electrical discharge across the surface of neurons of the cerebral cortex
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Diabetes:
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An endocrine disorder - A clinical syndrome charcterised by hyperglycaemia due to deficiency or diminished effectiveness of insulin produced by the pancreas
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Anaphylaxis:
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- A severe life threatening, systemic, allergic reaction
- When a pt is exposed to a foreign substance (antigen) for a second or subsequent time they have a hypersensitivity reaction - This causes an exaggerated immune response leading on to systemic +/OR cardiovascular collapse - Anaphylaxis is a generalised + system reaction which often involves more than one body system |
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Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis:
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Urticaria - Hives (raised skin, usually small patches + itching)
Erythema - Skin reddening Angio-oedema - Swelling of the face, eye lids, lips + tongue |
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Anaphylaxis must have Systemic involvement + Physiological distress, these include:
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Systemic involvement -Angio-oedem or uricaria or GIT disturbances
Physiological Distress - Respiratory distress/bronchospasm or < adequate perfusion or Altered Conscious State |
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Evidence of Narcotic OD - TRAPES
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Track Marks
Respiratory Depression Altered Conscious State Pin Point Pupils Exclude other causes (inc no obvious head injury) Substance Involved |
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A Significant Blunt Trauma Head Injury can be described as:
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Blunt Head Trauma with or without loss of consciousness/amnesia and GCS 13-15 with any of:
- Any LOC exceeding 5 minutes - Skull fracture (depressed, open or BOS) - Vomiting more than once - Neurological deficit - Seizure |
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TPT Decompression:
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Manubrium
Angle of Louie Follow along the 2nd rib Mid clavicular line 2nd intercostal space, above 3rd rib 90 degree entry - angled towards spine |
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Intracranial Haemorrhage can be suspected where:
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- GCS < 10 + pt is not alert
- The pt complained of severe headache - Nausea + vomiting is present - Slow pulse + hypertension is noted - Pupil abnormalities detected - Abnormal patters of respiration are noted |
