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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cogwheel rigidity |
An abnormal rigidity in muscles characterised by jerky movements when passively stretched Causes: Parkinson's |
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Persistent hiccough |
The most common cause of long term hiccups is damage to or irratation of the vagal or phrenic nerves Causes: chronic renal failure, metabolic uraemia |
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Charcot joints |
AKA neuropathic arthropathy Pain (present in 75%), swelling, distortion and effusion due to peripheral neuropathy Causes: originally described in syphilis patient, now most commonly seen in diabetics. Lower limb - tabes dorsalis, in upper limb - sygringomyelia |
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Horner Syndrome |
Presents with ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis and enopthalmos Cause: interruption of sympathetic supply to face |
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Plantar fasceitis |
Painful inflammatory process of the plantar fascia. Longstanding fasceitis can cause more degenerative than inflammatory changes. Presents with difficulty bending the foot Causes: high BMI, long weight bearing |
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Opisthotonus |
Arching of body with neck in hyperextension Causes: tetanus |
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Osteoarthropathy |
Any condition affecting bones and joints Secondary hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy - clubbing of digits, periostitis of long bones, ossifying periostitis and arthritis. AKA Bamburger-Marie syndrome Causes: many pulmonary and cardiac causes |
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Lupus Vulgaris |
AKA Tuberculosis luposa TB of the skin presenting with painful nodules most common on the face, around the ears and nose. May ultimately cause ulcerative lesions if left untreated. Characteristic apple jelly nodules |
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Pancoast syndrome |
Apical lung cancer with ipsilateral Horner syndrome due to invasion of sympathetic trunk. Presents with hoarse voice or bovine cough, severe pain in shoulder radiating towards axilla and scapula and along ulnar aspect to muscles of the hand, atrophy of hand and arm muscle and compression of blood vessels causing oedema. Mostly sqamous cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas |
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Paraplegia |
Complete or non-complete paralysis of the legs and possibly trunk, but not the arms. The extent to which the trunk is affected depends on the level of the injury. Cause: LMN injury below level of T1 |
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Microaneurysm of the eye |
Background retinopathy seen as dots Causes: commonly DM, hypertension |
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de Musset sign |
Rhythmic nodding or bobbing of the head in synchrony to the heartbeat. Presents with a wide pulse pressure Causes: aortic insufficiency/regurgitation |
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P-mitrale |
Broad, bifid (notched) P waves on several of the leads on an ECG Causes: mitral valve disease |
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Corrigan Sign |
Full, hard pulse followed by sudden collapse, easily palpable Causes: aortic regurgitation |
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Queckenstedt test |
Test for spinal blockage of the subarachnoid space. To preform: Apply manual pressure to jugular vein (to increase venous pressure) Positive for blockage - CSF pressure does not change Negative for block - CSF pressure rises with venous pressure |
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Magenta tongue |
Purplish red tongue with oedema and flattened papillae Cause: Riboflavin deficiency (Vit B2) |
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Rice water stools |
Clear, watery stool with a vaguely fishy odour, containing flecks of mucus, likened to water from boiled rice
Causes: cholera |
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Central scotoma |
An isolated area of varying shape and size within the visual field where vision is absent or depressed, involving the fixation point Causes: lesion between optic nerve head and optic chiasm. Mutiple sclerosis, methyl alcohol, nutritional causes, vascular causes, glioma, simple glaucoma |
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Duroziez sign (murmur) |
A two-phase murmur over peripheral arteries, especially over femoral artery due to eb and flow of blood Cause: aortic insufficiency |
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Target cells |
An erythrocyte with a dark center surrounded by a light band that again is encircled by a darker ring; it thus resembles a shooting target
Causes: target-cell anemias, after splenectomy, Thalassemia |
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Onycholysis |
Seperation of the nail from the nail bed Causes: psoriasis, fungal infection, trauma, thyrotoxicosis, tetracyclines |
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Tetany |
Involuntary sustained muscle contractions Causes: irritability of peripheral or central nervous system, low Ca, low Mg, hyperventilation, hypoparathyroidism, rickets, uremia |
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Pel-Ebstein fever |
AKA Ebstein-Cardarelli fever Condition associated with Hodgkins Lymphoma where the patient suffers from cyclic increase and decrease of fevers over one to two weeks |
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Parastesia and absent reflexes |
Lower motor neuron injury |
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Distended chest veins and oedema at arms and face |
SVC obstuction |
