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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All Earth Organisms
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Have a common set of biological molecules
Can maintain Homeostasis Can evolve require liquid water |
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Elements
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fundamental forms of matter
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Atoms
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smallest units of an element
Composed of Protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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Nucleus
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Protons and Neutrons are inside
Electrons are outside of nucleus |
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Molecule
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Two or more atoms held together by Chemical Bonds
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Water is a good Solvent
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solute-what is being dissolved
Solution- the solute in the solvent |
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Hydrogen Bond
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the weak attraction between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another
Water molecules stick together - cohesion |
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Organic Chemistry
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Chemistry of the element of carbon
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Carbon
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Makes up most of the mass of living organisms
Can bond to 4 different atoms at once |
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Carbohydrate
(macromolecule) |
Molecules of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
major source of energy for the cells |
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Proteins
(macromolecule) |
Polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
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Lipids
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Hydrophobic ; composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen
Fat Cholesterol Phospholipid |
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Nucleotides
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Sugar+ a phosphate+ a nitrogenous base
RNA DNA |
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DNA
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Hereditary material in nearly all organisms
Structure is a double helix Bonding between bases on opposite strands follow base pairing rules A with T G with C |
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Prokaryotic Cells
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Cells are smaller and simpler in structure
no nucleus or internal structures with membranes E. Coli |
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Eukaryotes
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Have nucleus and internal structures with membranes
Yeast, Oak tree, Person |
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Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles with specialized jobs
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Mitochondria
Chloroplasts Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Appartus |
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Mitochondria
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Provides energy for the cell, using oxygen
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Chloroplasts
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sites of photosynthesis
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Involved in protein or lipid synthesis
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Golgi Apparatus
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Modifies and sorts proteins
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Cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane
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phospholipids bilayer
fluid mosaic semipermeable |
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Phospholipids bilayer
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hydrophobic tails orient inside the membrane, away from water
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Fluid Mosaic
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lipids and proteins can move about within the membrane
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Semipermeable
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some molecules can cross, some can't
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