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70 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
Where do glaciers form?
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At high altitudes or high latitudes.
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What are the two main types of glaciers?
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Continental & Mountain
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Describe a Mountain Glacier
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*Smaller than Ice Valley Sheets
*length greater than width *only cover a small region |
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Describe a continental glacier
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*Ice Sheet
*Large scale-cover 10% of earths land *Greenland & Antartica |
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How do glaciers move?
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Externally-slide along water
Internally-melting and freezing |
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Where within a mountain glacier is the movement fastest?
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Where there's less friction
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Describe the glacial budget
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ice in, ice out
ice accumulated above snow line and melted under the snow line. |
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How do glaciers lose mass?
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Ablation (it melts, breaks off)
Loss of snow/ ice from melting, calving, sublimation, etc. |
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What are the types of glacial sediment?
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Drift, unsorted and sorted.
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Describe drift
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deposited by Ice(till)
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Describe unsorted
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deposited by glacier
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Describe sorted
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material laid down by glacial melt water
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Horns?
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a pyramid like peak formed by glacial action in 3 or more cirques surrounding a mountain summit.
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Aretes?
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A narrow knifelike ridge seperating 2 adjacent glaciated valleys.
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Hanging valleys?
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A tributary that enters a glacial through high above floor.
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Truncated spurs
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erroded (triangle shaped) cliffs in glaciated valleys
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Tarn lakes cirques
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An Amphitrate shaped basin @ the head of glaciated valley
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Moraines
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A pile of debris that has been transported and deposited by a glacier.
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Erratics
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Boulders left on the surface
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Terminal Moraine
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Debris pushed along in front of the glacier
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Ground Moraine
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Debris accumulated under the glacier
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Outwash plains
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Sand & gravel deposited by glacial melt water
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Eskers
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Deposited by rivers, running water; sorted.
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Drumlins
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Tear drop shaped land features; unsorted.
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Kettle Lakes
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Depressions left after water dries
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How do glaciers effect the landscape?
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Mountain, Accentuate Landscape=Valley Glaciers
Continental |
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What are the stages of glaciation in Illinois?
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Pre Illinoian
Illinoian Wisconsin (All came from the North) |
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When did glaciation occur in Illinois?
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2 million years-started
10,000 stopped (Ice Age) |
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What direction did the glaciers advance from?
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North
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What is the Milakovitch theory?
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3 parts that describe position of the earth and climate change
*eccentricity of orbit *earth changes angle, on the L of its tilt. *pression of equinox |
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What are the layers of the atmosphere?
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Top: Thermosphere
Mesosphere Sratosphere trophosphere(closest to our sky) |
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In whic layer does the weather occur?
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Trophosphere--Closer to the ground
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What is in the ancient atmosphere?
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water vapor, methane, ammonia and hydrogen
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What is in present atmosphere?
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78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen Driven by energy like lightning |
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Where are the global atmospheric circulation cells located?
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They are from the equator and go up from 0 to 30 and from 30 to 60 and from 60 to 90 in latitude.
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What do the global atmospheric circulation cells do?
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They transfer energy from low latitudes to high.
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What are the global atmospheric circulation cells called?
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Hadley Cells
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How does acid rain form?
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It forms naturally from the environment.
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What is acid rain?
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occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere
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Describe the trophosphere
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*Lowest Layer
*Contains 80% of mass of the atmosphere *where weather occurs temperature decreases with height |
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In what layer of the atmposhpere does weather occur?
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Trophosphere
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Where weather occurs temperature ________ with height.
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_______= decreases
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Describe the stratosphere
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between 15 & 50 km
18% of mass of atmosphere contains ozone |
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What is the O-Zone & where does it occur?
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Oxygen free and occurs in the:
stratosphere (good) & trophsphere (bad) |
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Describe the Green House Effect?
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Suns short waves heat the ground--warm air raises and heats the greenhouse.
--long wave lengths radiated to the atmosphere. |
Gases allow high energy transmission.
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What are some of the green house gases?
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Water vapor, methane, CO2, CFC's
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What drives surface currents?
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Wind--Atmospheric circulation
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What is longshore transport?
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Movement of sediments on a beach. Moved laterally along beach.
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What landforms are associated with wave refraction?
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SEA Stacks/SEA arches
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What are the parts of a wave?
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Top: Crest
Bottom: Troph |
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What causes a wave to break?
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Trips over bottom.
When depth to the bottom is 1/2 the wave length. |
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Does a wave move water or energy?
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wave moves energy.
waves move, not H20. |
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What causes tides?
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gravitational pull of sun/moon
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What is a spring tide?
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Moon and sun are aligned
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What is a neap tide?
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Sun is pulling opposite of how moon is pulling.
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What drives thermohaline (deep sea) currents?
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Density difference in the H20 which is caused by temperature and salinity. Cold water is denser and sinks.
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What effect does this current have on our climate?
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(Surface and deep sea) transfer heat from equator to higher latitudes.
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What defines a desert?
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Less than 10 inches of percipatation per year.
Can't support large population. |
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Where are the types of deserts?
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Rainshadow, polar, subtropical and coastal.
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Describe the Rainshadow desert
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Mountain Ranges moister
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Describe Subtropical deserts?
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30 degree N/S latitude
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Describe Coastal deserts?
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Cold water ciculation patterns blowing on land.
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Describe polar deserts?
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Cold air holds little water.
example: antartica/greenland |
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What are the types of sand dunes?
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Barchan, Star, Transverse, Parabolic and Longitudinal
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Transverse Dunes
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A lot of sand
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Describe Subtropical deserts?
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30 degree N/S latitude
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Describe Coastal deserts?
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Cold water ciculation patterns blowing on land.
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Describe polar deserts?
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Cold air holds little water.
example: antartica/greenland |
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What are the types of sand dunes?
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Barchan, Star, Transverse, Parabolic and Longitudinal
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Transverse Dunes
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A lot of sand
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